Film Style Refers To The Technical Practices Employed Within

Film style refers to the technical practices employed within filmmaking, this includes the use of cinematography, mise-en-scene, dialogue, editing and narrative. Understanding the changes in film style is crucial to examining film in a historical, political and cultural context. In this essay I will be exploring how the coming of sound homogenised filmmaking which resulted in changes in film style. The coming of film sound, transformed an experience which was exclusively visual, to equally audible and â€Å"most filmmakers soon realized [...] that sound, used imaginatively, offered a valuable new stylistic resource† (Thompson and Bordwell, 2009) Despite the popularity of sound production at present, the coming of film sound had a difficult†¦show more content†¦Prior to the coming of sound, actors were chosen based on theatrical performance, which enabled a mix of diversity in silent films as the actors did not need to be American or British, however with the introduction of sound many foreign silent film stars perished into oblivion due to not being able to fulfil voice acting and the new naturalistic acting sound film required. Whilst each of these complications stalled the coming of film sound, the eventual transition from silent to sound led to an immortal change in cinema and some inevitable changes in film style. During the end of the 1920s, the definition of a silent feature proves problematic, due to the slow and blurred transition into sound filmmaking. Films were released with synchronised scores of orchestral music and Foley sound effects, which was soon followed by ‘part talkies’ and ‘full-talkie’ feature films. However, the early examples of silent film style favoured exaggerated acting, expressionist cinematography and extravagant mise-en-scene. Short texts and dialogue were inserted into the film through title cards, which communicated the character’s language. These distinctive film style techniques changed as a result of the coming of film sound, as films began to be created in consideration of sound. Scenes had less cuts and still camera shots, in order to focus on the importance of the character’s dialogue which strayed from the previous importance placed on mise-en-sceneShow MoreRelated Stuart Hall - Encoding and Decoding Essay examples311 1 Words   |  13 PagesUniversities and Left Review, and during the period 1961-64 he taught film and media studies at Chelsea College, London. During the period 1964-79, he taught at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS), Birmingham. Over the years, Paul Corrigan, John Fiske, Dick Hebdige, Angela McRobbie, David Morley, and Paul Willis have worked at the Centre. Hall has always combined activism and theorizing. He says that he has always been within shouting distance of Marx. For example, during the 1950s, heRead MoreIn Comparing Dylan Thomas And Elizabeth Bishop’S Meditation2055 Words   |  9 Pagesare exposed to the most important figure in the piece. 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South Afric A Unique Culture - 1849 Words

The first time I was introduced to South Africa was last year during choir. For choir we sang a South African ritual which enticed me to look into the culture of South Africa to find out more things about my new found interest. During this investigation I found out that South Africa is prominent for their unique wild life, it is the only country which has hosted the world cup for cricket, rugby, and soccer, the vast history due to the colonialization of Africa by Europe, and the luxurious bodies of water found in South Africa. Also during my research I found out that Woodberry offers an exchange program to South Africa, which I became extremely interested in. I would love to do this program so that I can interact with the unique culture seen in South Africa, the great person who would be attending St. Johns, and the great friendships and experiences I would receive while attending St. Johns. The unique culture which is found in South Africa is extremely interesting to me. South Afric a is known for many things, however three stand out the most. The history of South Africa, the sports of South Africa, and the wildlife found in South Africa. South Africa is rich with history due to the colonization by European countries which occurred in South Africa. Through this a white superiority was created which lasted up until Nelson Mandela took power. Due to the rise of Nelson Mandela, and the colonization period of South Africa, South Africa is filled with multiple breathe takingShow MoreRelatedChina in Africa Essay20116 Words   |  81 Pagesagricultural development worldwide by categorising it into agriculture-based, transforming and urbanised. It compares African agriculture, characterised as agriculture-based, relative to performance in the other continents. It stresses that agriculture has a unique potential to alleviate poverty. This, according to the report, resides in the comparative advantage in agricultural exports in the agriculture-based worlds. To achieve t his, large-scale commercial farming and vertical agricultural value chains structuredRead MoreGlobalization of South Africa8279 Words   |  34 PagesTHE RAINBOW NATION, GOING BEYOND THE HORIZON - GLOBALIZATION OF SOUTH AFRICA – ABSTRACT This paper examines the advantage, disadvantage, trade and FDI in SA from globalization perspective. South Africa(SA) is the one of the post BRICs country and it has largest economy market in Africa. Following the democratic elections of 1994, SA corporations moved with alacrity into the rest of Africa and beyond. Mining houses led the way, followed by manufacturers and financial institutions. Multinational

Deception Point Page 17 Free Essays

Rachel could only stare. I traveled three thousand miles for this kind of hospitality? This guy was no Martha Stewart. â€Å"With all due respect,† she fired back, â€Å"I am also under presidential orders. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 17 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have not been told my purpose here. I made this trip on good faith.† â€Å"Fine,† Ekstrom said. â€Å"Then I will speak bluntly.† â€Å"You’ve made a damn good start.† Rachel’s tough response seemed to jolt the administrator. His stride slowed a moment, his eyes clearing as he studied her. Then, like a snake uncoiling, he heaved a long sigh and picked up the pace. â€Å"Understand,† Ekstrom began, â€Å"that you are here on a classified NASA project against my better judgment. Not only are you a representative of the NRO, whose director enjoys dishonoring NASA personnel as loose-lipped children, but you are the daughter of the man who has made it his personal mission to destroy my agency. This should be NASA’s hour in the sun; my men and women have endured a lot of criticism lately and deserve this moment of glory. However, due to a torrent of skepticism spearheaded by your father, NASA finds itself in a political situation where my hardworking personnel are forced to share the spotlight with a handful of random civilian scientists and the daughter of the man who is trying to destroy us.† I am not my father, Rachel wanted to shout, but this was hardly the moment to debate politics with the head of NASA. â€Å"I did not come here for the spotlight, sir.† Ekstrom glared. â€Å"You may find you have no alternative.† The comment took her by surprise. Although President Herney had said nothing specific about her assisting him in any sort of â€Å"public† way, William Pickering had certainly aired his suspicions that Rachel might become a political pawn. â€Å"I’d like to know what I’m doing here,† Rachel demanded. â€Å"You and me both. I do not have that information.† â€Å"I’m sorry?† â€Å"The President asked me to brief you fully on our discovery the moment you arrived. Whatever role he wants you to play in this circus is between you and him.† â€Å"He told me your Earth Observation System had made a discovery.† Ekstrom glanced sidelong at her. â€Å"How familiar are you with the EOS project?† â€Å"EOS is a constellation of five NASA satellites which scrutinize the earth in different ways-ocean mapping, geologic fault analyses, polar ice-melt observation, location of fossil fuel reserves-â€Å" â€Å"Fine,† Ekstrom said, sounding unimpressed. â€Å"So you’re aware of the newest addition to the EOS constellation? It’s called PODS.† Rachel nodded. The Polar Orbiting Density Scanner (PODS) was designed to help measure the effects of global warming. â€Å"As I understand it, PODS measures the thickness and hardness of the polar ice cap?† â€Å"In effect, yes. It uses spectral band technology to take composite density scans of large regions and find softness anomalies in the ice-slush spots, internal melting, large fissures-indicators of global warming.† Rachel was familiar with composite density scanning. It was like a subterranean ultrasound. NRO satellites had used similar technology to search for subsurface density variants in Eastern Europe and locate mass burial sites, which confirmed for the President that ethnic cleansing was indeed going on. â€Å"Two weeks ago,† Ekstrom said, â€Å"PODS passed over this ice shelf and spotted a density anomaly that looked nothing like anything we’d expected to see. Two hundred feet beneath the surface, perfectly embedded in a matrix of solid ice, PODS saw what looked like an amorphous globule about ten feet in diameter.† â€Å"A water pocket?† Rachel asked. â€Å"No. Not liquid. Strangely, this anomaly was harder than the ice surrounding it.† Rachel paused. â€Å"So†¦ it’s a boulder or something?† Ekstrom nodded. â€Å"Essentially.† Rachel waited for the punch line. It never came. I’m here because NASA found a big rock in the ice? â€Å"Not until PODS calculated the density of this rock did we get excited. We immediately flew a team up here to analyze it. As it turns out, the rock in the ice beneath us is significantly more dense than any type of rock found here on Ellesmere Island. More dense, in fact, than any type of rock found within a four-hundred-mile radius.† Rachel gazed down at the ice beneath her feet, picturing the huge rock down there somewhere. â€Å"You’re saying someone moved it here?† Ekstrom looked vaguely amused. â€Å"The stone weighs more than eight tons. It is embedded under two hundred feet of solid ice, meaning it has been there untouched for over three hundred years.† Rachel felt tired as she followed the administrator into the mouth of a long, narrow corridor, passing between two armed NASA workers who stood guard. Rachel glanced at Ekstrom. â€Å"I assume there’s a logical explanation for the stone’s presence here†¦ and for all this secrecy?† â€Å"There most certainly is,† Ekstrom said, deadpan. â€Å"The rock PODS found is a meteorite.† Rachel stopped dead in the passageway and stared at the administrator. â€Å"A meteorite?† A surge of disappointment washed over her. A meteorite seemed utterly anti-climactic after the President’s big buildup. This discovery will single-handedly justify all of NASA’s past expenditures and blunders? What was Herney thinking? Meteorites were admittedly one of the rarest rocks on earth, but NASA discovered meteorites all the time. â€Å"This meteorite is one of the largest ever found,† Ekstrom said, standing rigid before her. â€Å"We believe it is a fragment of a larger meteorite documented to have hit the Arctic Ocean in the seventeen hundreds. Most likely, this rock was thrown as ejecta from that ocean impact, landed on the Milne Glacier, and was slowly buried by snow over the past three hundred years.† Rachel scowled. This discovery changed nothing. She felt a growing suspicion that she was witnessing an overblown publicity stunt by a desperate NASA and White House-two struggling entities attempting to elevate a propitious find to the level of earth-shattering NASA victory. â€Å"You don’t look too impressed,† Ekstrom said. â€Å"I guess I was just expecting something†¦ else.† Ekstrom’s eyes narrowed. â€Å"A meteorite of this size is a very rare find, Ms. Sexton. There are only a few larger in the world.† â€Å"I realize-â€Å" â€Å"But the size of the meteorite is not what excites us.† Rachel glanced up. â€Å"If you would permit me to finish,† Ekstrom said, â€Å"you will learn that this meteorite displays some rather astonishing characteristics never before seen in any meteorite. Large or small.† He motioned down the passageway. â€Å"Now, if you would follow me, I’ll introduce you to someone more qualified than I am to discuss this find.† Rachel was confused. â€Å"Someone more qualified than the administrator of NASA?† Ekstrom’s Nordic eyes locked in on hers. â€Å"More qualified, Ms. Sexton, insofar as he is a civilian. I had assumed because you are a professional data analyst that you would prefer to get your data from an unbiased source.† Touche. Rachel backed off. She followed the administrator down the narrow corridor, where they dead-ended at a heavy, black drapery. Beyond the drape, Rachel could hear the reverberant murmur of a crowd of voices rumbling on the other side, echoing as if in a giant open space. Without a word, the administrator reached up and pulled aside the curtain. Rachel was blinded by a dazzling brightness. Hesitant, she stepped forward, squinting into the glistening space. As her eyes adjusted, she gazed out at the massive room before her and drew an awestruck breath. How to cite Deception Point Page 17, Essay examples

Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down free essay sample

Summary of The Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down In ‘The Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down’, Lia, a Hmong baby girl, is born to a Hmong family living in California as refugees away from their war torn land in Laos. In Laos the Lee’s where farmers and lived in the country according to their Hmong traditions and beliefs. In California they barely understood the language, much less Western culture or medicinal practices.In Hmong tradition, illness was seen as a spiritual problem rather than a physical problem and a Shaman that practiced spiritual ceremonies and used natural remedies was sought to prevent or cure certain illnesses and/or diseases; so when Lia suffered her first seizure at the age of 3 months and was taken to Mercer Hospital in California for treatment, it marked the beginning of the clash of two different worlds and two different cultures and Lia was caught in the middle of it all. There are about five main important events in the story of Lia Lee.The first Chapter goes through the traditional birthing methods and traditions of the Hmong people. One of the most noteworthy traditions is the burying the placenta. The placenta has to be purposefully buried in a specific spot under the home’s dirt floor so when the individual dies its soul has to travel back to the placenta. This chapter also introduces the characters Nao Kao and Foua Lee, Lia Lee’s parents. In the first chapter Nao gives birth to Lia Lee in an American hospital, their first child to be born in a hospital. Lia was born July 19, 1982.The baby appeared to be healthy and was released from the hospital 3 days later. The main focus of this chapter is comparing the birth of the children in Laos (where Nao and Foua were from) to the American birthing traditions. The next important event in the story is Chapter 3 titled â€Å"The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down†. This chapter introduces the beginning of Lia’ seizures as her older sister slammed the front door of their apartment and all of a sudden Lia starts seizing for the first time. This would be the beginning of many more seizures to come.In Hmong culture seizures are not recognized much as a physical illness as it is spiritual in nature and quab dab peg which translates to, the spirit catches you and you fall down, describes the group of symptoms experienced by Lia in the Hmong culture. The Lee’s were both happy and sad about Lia’s seizures. In Hmong culture seizures are considered to have special powers and usually become Shamans, but at the same time the Lees were worried about their child’s health. The story draws attention to the disadvantage that the language barrier caused in the Chapter titled â€Å"Take as Directed†. This chapter talks about how the parents don’t follow the doctor’s orders in giving Lia the proper dosing regimen. The staff and doctor’s didn’t know if her parents simply did not want to give her the medicine or if they basically didn’t know or understand what to do. Lia’s suffers a grand mal seizure during this chapter and gets intubated and placed on a ventilator to keep her alive. To make matters worse, the doctors start to believe that the seizures are causing retardation and that if Nao and Foua would give the child the medicine as directed she would be getting better.Finally a decision is made among medical staff that placing Lia under Foster care may be in her best interest in order to assure a proper dosing regimen. Chapter 9 titled â€Å"A little Medicine and a Little Neeb† describes Lia’s homecoming. Her family spent $300 on a cow that they sacrificed for Lia’s health. The Lee’s devoted a lot of time and money into Lia’s health. They took Lia to Minnesota to visit a twix neeb, they also were giving her proper dosages of her medication. Lia’s was getting a lot better and started attending school.She fell off of a swing one day and started to seize, it was a very serious seizure and three weeks after she was discharged she was admitted again. The doctors are faced with a problem because they don’t know what else to do to prevent the seizures and they fear that one day Lia may have a seizure they can’t stop, and she might die. Unfortunately in Chapter 11 titled â€Å"The Big One† one day before Thanksgiving, Lia had a seizure and her dad called his nephew to get an ambulance.Once she arrived at MCMC, Doctor Neil was unable to stop her seizures. She went into status epilepticus which means that, no matter how many drugs they gave her, she kept on seizing. She was then transferred to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Fresno after she finally stopped seizing. Everyone thought that Lia was going to die and they were just waiting for it to happen. The Lee’s took her back home to be with the family. In Chapter 13 Code X – In this chapter Lia is left with severe brain damage.There is a misunderstanding in the hospital between the parents and doctors and she is ripped from her tubes by her father in an attempt to take her home, at which time the hospital calls a Code X, and she is recovered and re-intubated, only to go home four hours later. At home her mother provides all her care and Lia’s is described as looking beautiful all the time. Re-Imagining the Story of Lia Lee When re-imagining Lia’s story in such a way that would lead to a more successful outcome for all involved, the first question that comes to mind is what could Lia’s parents have done to improve their daughter’s outcome?If her parents would have known how to speak English, maybe there would have been more understanding and communication between them and the medical community. This may not have solved all of the cultural differences but at least there may have been an even flow and exchange of information and feedback between both parties involved. The parents could have agreed to receive training, teaching and instruction on proper prescription medication dosing for Lia by a Hmong nurse or Hmong social worker or more accepted ‘cultural broker’ in addition to practicing any animal sacrifices for Lia.Another thing her parents could have done was to bring a Shaman to be translated by an English speaking Hmong interprete r and explain to the doctors the Hmong culture, traditions and beliefs as they related to Lia’s condition. When asking what could Drs. Ernst and Philip have done to provide Lia with a better quality of care they could have made an effort to learn more of the Hmong language or provide a non-threatening interpreter in order to ensure more understanding, communication and feedback from the Lee family.They could have been more open to their cultural beliefs and traditions and try to find some middle ground to work with Lia’s needs and the needs of her parents. They could have respected their traditions and beliefs and found a way to incorporate both into her care, even if it meant being a bit more unconventional and providing a more simple dosing regimen with the least amount of change in medications as possible without the need for tapering and tweaking of meds. In many instances throughout the story, home health visits were placed to reassure Lia’s care.Jeanine Hilt’s efforts were the most successful, but it should have taken place earlier in Lia’s story and not have taken the removal of custody to get to that point. The doctor’s could have sought out a Hmong speaking nurse that the Lee’s could trust or someone like Jeanine Hilt early on to make a difference. When asking what could the hospital administrator and personnel have done to provide Lia with a better quality of care, I would suggest that they provide interpreters that are non- threatening for the Hmong community of patients they serve. They could have provided specific Hmong culture training to their staff of doctors and nurses.They could have incorporated into their hospital food menus and diets specific Hmong foods and teas customary to the Hmong culture. A combination of Eastern medicine and Western medicine could have been implemented in the care and treatment of Lia so that the parents could be more cooperative with her care. In conclusion, any effort to better understand the Hmong customs and traditions in the care of Lia would have resulted in a better outcome for everyone involved. The parents and doctors both wanted the best for Lia, but their ideas about the causes of her illness and its treatment could hardly have been more different.The Hmong see illness and healing as spiritual matters linked to virtually everything in the universe, while the medical community marks a division between body and soul, and concerns itself almost exclusively with the former. Lias doctors ascribed her seizures to the misfiring of her cerebral neurons; her parents called her illness, qaug dab pegthe spirit catches you and you fall downand ascribed it to the wandering of her soul. The doctors prescribed anticonvulsants; her parents preferred a nimal sacrifices. References Fadiman, A. (1998). The spirit catches you and you fall down. Frrar, Straus and Giroux : New York