Film Style Refers To The Technical Practices Employed Within

Film style refers to the technical practices employed within filmmaking, this includes the use of cinematography, mise-en-scene, dialogue, editing and narrative. Understanding the changes in film style is crucial to examining film in a historical, political and cultural context. In this essay I will be exploring how the coming of sound homogenised filmmaking which resulted in changes in film style. The coming of film sound, transformed an experience which was exclusively visual, to equally audible and â€Å"most filmmakers soon realized [...] that sound, used imaginatively, offered a valuable new stylistic resource† (Thompson and Bordwell, 2009) Despite the popularity of sound production at present, the coming of film sound had a difficult†¦show more content†¦Prior to the coming of sound, actors were chosen based on theatrical performance, which enabled a mix of diversity in silent films as the actors did not need to be American or British, however with the introduction of sound many foreign silent film stars perished into oblivion due to not being able to fulfil voice acting and the new naturalistic acting sound film required. Whilst each of these complications stalled the coming of film sound, the eventual transition from silent to sound led to an immortal change in cinema and some inevitable changes in film style. During the end of the 1920s, the definition of a silent feature proves problematic, due to the slow and blurred transition into sound filmmaking. Films were released with synchronised scores of orchestral music and Foley sound effects, which was soon followed by ‘part talkies’ and ‘full-talkie’ feature films. However, the early examples of silent film style favoured exaggerated acting, expressionist cinematography and extravagant mise-en-scene. Short texts and dialogue were inserted into the film through title cards, which communicated the character’s language. These distinctive film style techniques changed as a result of the coming of film sound, as films began to be created in consideration of sound. 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South Afric A Unique Culture - 1849 Words

The first time I was introduced to South Africa was last year during choir. For choir we sang a South African ritual which enticed me to look into the culture of South Africa to find out more things about my new found interest. During this investigation I found out that South Africa is prominent for their unique wild life, it is the only country which has hosted the world cup for cricket, rugby, and soccer, the vast history due to the colonialization of Africa by Europe, and the luxurious bodies of water found in South Africa. Also during my research I found out that Woodberry offers an exchange program to South Africa, which I became extremely interested in. I would love to do this program so that I can interact with the unique culture seen in South Africa, the great person who would be attending St. Johns, and the great friendships and experiences I would receive while attending St. Johns. The unique culture which is found in South Africa is extremely interesting to me. South Afric a is known for many things, however three stand out the most. The history of South Africa, the sports of South Africa, and the wildlife found in South Africa. South Africa is rich with history due to the colonization by European countries which occurred in South Africa. Through this a white superiority was created which lasted up until Nelson Mandela took power. Due to the rise of Nelson Mandela, and the colonization period of South Africa, South Africa is filled with multiple breathe takingShow MoreRelatedChina in Africa Essay20116 Words   |  81 Pagesagricultural development worldwide by categorising it into agriculture-based, transforming and urbanised. It compares African agriculture, characterised as agriculture-based, relative to performance in the other continents. It stresses that agriculture has a unique potential to alleviate poverty. This, according to the report, resides in the comparative advantage in agricultural exports in the agriculture-based worlds. To achieve t his, large-scale commercial farming and vertical agricultural value chains structuredRead MoreGlobalization of South Africa8279 Words   |  34 PagesTHE RAINBOW NATION, GOING BEYOND THE HORIZON - GLOBALIZATION OF SOUTH AFRICA – ABSTRACT This paper examines the advantage, disadvantage, trade and FDI in SA from globalization perspective. South Africa(SA) is the one of the post BRICs country and it has largest economy market in Africa. Following the democratic elections of 1994, SA corporations moved with alacrity into the rest of Africa and beyond. Mining houses led the way, followed by manufacturers and financial institutions. Multinational

Deception Point Page 17 Free Essays

Rachel could only stare. I traveled three thousand miles for this kind of hospitality? This guy was no Martha Stewart. â€Å"With all due respect,† she fired back, â€Å"I am also under presidential orders. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 17 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have not been told my purpose here. I made this trip on good faith.† â€Å"Fine,† Ekstrom said. â€Å"Then I will speak bluntly.† â€Å"You’ve made a damn good start.† Rachel’s tough response seemed to jolt the administrator. His stride slowed a moment, his eyes clearing as he studied her. Then, like a snake uncoiling, he heaved a long sigh and picked up the pace. â€Å"Understand,† Ekstrom began, â€Å"that you are here on a classified NASA project against my better judgment. Not only are you a representative of the NRO, whose director enjoys dishonoring NASA personnel as loose-lipped children, but you are the daughter of the man who has made it his personal mission to destroy my agency. This should be NASA’s hour in the sun; my men and women have endured a lot of criticism lately and deserve this moment of glory. However, due to a torrent of skepticism spearheaded by your father, NASA finds itself in a political situation where my hardworking personnel are forced to share the spotlight with a handful of random civilian scientists and the daughter of the man who is trying to destroy us.† I am not my father, Rachel wanted to shout, but this was hardly the moment to debate politics with the head of NASA. â€Å"I did not come here for the spotlight, sir.† Ekstrom glared. â€Å"You may find you have no alternative.† The comment took her by surprise. Although President Herney had said nothing specific about her assisting him in any sort of â€Å"public† way, William Pickering had certainly aired his suspicions that Rachel might become a political pawn. â€Å"I’d like to know what I’m doing here,† Rachel demanded. â€Å"You and me both. I do not have that information.† â€Å"I’m sorry?† â€Å"The President asked me to brief you fully on our discovery the moment you arrived. Whatever role he wants you to play in this circus is between you and him.† â€Å"He told me your Earth Observation System had made a discovery.† Ekstrom glanced sidelong at her. â€Å"How familiar are you with the EOS project?† â€Å"EOS is a constellation of five NASA satellites which scrutinize the earth in different ways-ocean mapping, geologic fault analyses, polar ice-melt observation, location of fossil fuel reserves-â€Å" â€Å"Fine,† Ekstrom said, sounding unimpressed. â€Å"So you’re aware of the newest addition to the EOS constellation? It’s called PODS.† Rachel nodded. The Polar Orbiting Density Scanner (PODS) was designed to help measure the effects of global warming. â€Å"As I understand it, PODS measures the thickness and hardness of the polar ice cap?† â€Å"In effect, yes. It uses spectral band technology to take composite density scans of large regions and find softness anomalies in the ice-slush spots, internal melting, large fissures-indicators of global warming.† Rachel was familiar with composite density scanning. It was like a subterranean ultrasound. NRO satellites had used similar technology to search for subsurface density variants in Eastern Europe and locate mass burial sites, which confirmed for the President that ethnic cleansing was indeed going on. â€Å"Two weeks ago,† Ekstrom said, â€Å"PODS passed over this ice shelf and spotted a density anomaly that looked nothing like anything we’d expected to see. Two hundred feet beneath the surface, perfectly embedded in a matrix of solid ice, PODS saw what looked like an amorphous globule about ten feet in diameter.† â€Å"A water pocket?† Rachel asked. â€Å"No. Not liquid. Strangely, this anomaly was harder than the ice surrounding it.† Rachel paused. â€Å"So†¦ it’s a boulder or something?† Ekstrom nodded. â€Å"Essentially.† Rachel waited for the punch line. It never came. I’m here because NASA found a big rock in the ice? â€Å"Not until PODS calculated the density of this rock did we get excited. We immediately flew a team up here to analyze it. As it turns out, the rock in the ice beneath us is significantly more dense than any type of rock found here on Ellesmere Island. More dense, in fact, than any type of rock found within a four-hundred-mile radius.† Rachel gazed down at the ice beneath her feet, picturing the huge rock down there somewhere. â€Å"You’re saying someone moved it here?† Ekstrom looked vaguely amused. â€Å"The stone weighs more than eight tons. It is embedded under two hundred feet of solid ice, meaning it has been there untouched for over three hundred years.† Rachel felt tired as she followed the administrator into the mouth of a long, narrow corridor, passing between two armed NASA workers who stood guard. Rachel glanced at Ekstrom. â€Å"I assume there’s a logical explanation for the stone’s presence here†¦ and for all this secrecy?† â€Å"There most certainly is,† Ekstrom said, deadpan. â€Å"The rock PODS found is a meteorite.† Rachel stopped dead in the passageway and stared at the administrator. â€Å"A meteorite?† A surge of disappointment washed over her. A meteorite seemed utterly anti-climactic after the President’s big buildup. This discovery will single-handedly justify all of NASA’s past expenditures and blunders? What was Herney thinking? Meteorites were admittedly one of the rarest rocks on earth, but NASA discovered meteorites all the time. â€Å"This meteorite is one of the largest ever found,† Ekstrom said, standing rigid before her. â€Å"We believe it is a fragment of a larger meteorite documented to have hit the Arctic Ocean in the seventeen hundreds. Most likely, this rock was thrown as ejecta from that ocean impact, landed on the Milne Glacier, and was slowly buried by snow over the past three hundred years.† Rachel scowled. This discovery changed nothing. She felt a growing suspicion that she was witnessing an overblown publicity stunt by a desperate NASA and White House-two struggling entities attempting to elevate a propitious find to the level of earth-shattering NASA victory. â€Å"You don’t look too impressed,† Ekstrom said. â€Å"I guess I was just expecting something†¦ else.† Ekstrom’s eyes narrowed. â€Å"A meteorite of this size is a very rare find, Ms. Sexton. There are only a few larger in the world.† â€Å"I realize-â€Å" â€Å"But the size of the meteorite is not what excites us.† Rachel glanced up. â€Å"If you would permit me to finish,† Ekstrom said, â€Å"you will learn that this meteorite displays some rather astonishing characteristics never before seen in any meteorite. Large or small.† He motioned down the passageway. â€Å"Now, if you would follow me, I’ll introduce you to someone more qualified than I am to discuss this find.† Rachel was confused. â€Å"Someone more qualified than the administrator of NASA?† Ekstrom’s Nordic eyes locked in on hers. â€Å"More qualified, Ms. Sexton, insofar as he is a civilian. I had assumed because you are a professional data analyst that you would prefer to get your data from an unbiased source.† Touche. Rachel backed off. She followed the administrator down the narrow corridor, where they dead-ended at a heavy, black drapery. Beyond the drape, Rachel could hear the reverberant murmur of a crowd of voices rumbling on the other side, echoing as if in a giant open space. Without a word, the administrator reached up and pulled aside the curtain. Rachel was blinded by a dazzling brightness. Hesitant, she stepped forward, squinting into the glistening space. As her eyes adjusted, she gazed out at the massive room before her and drew an awestruck breath. How to cite Deception Point Page 17, Essay examples

Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down free essay sample

Summary of The Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down In ‘The Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down’, Lia, a Hmong baby girl, is born to a Hmong family living in California as refugees away from their war torn land in Laos. In Laos the Lee’s where farmers and lived in the country according to their Hmong traditions and beliefs. In California they barely understood the language, much less Western culture or medicinal practices.In Hmong tradition, illness was seen as a spiritual problem rather than a physical problem and a Shaman that practiced spiritual ceremonies and used natural remedies was sought to prevent or cure certain illnesses and/or diseases; so when Lia suffered her first seizure at the age of 3 months and was taken to Mercer Hospital in California for treatment, it marked the beginning of the clash of two different worlds and two different cultures and Lia was caught in the middle of it all. There are about five main important events in the story of Lia Lee.The first Chapter goes through the traditional birthing methods and traditions of the Hmong people. One of the most noteworthy traditions is the burying the placenta. The placenta has to be purposefully buried in a specific spot under the home’s dirt floor so when the individual dies its soul has to travel back to the placenta. This chapter also introduces the characters Nao Kao and Foua Lee, Lia Lee’s parents. In the first chapter Nao gives birth to Lia Lee in an American hospital, their first child to be born in a hospital. Lia was born July 19, 1982.The baby appeared to be healthy and was released from the hospital 3 days later. The main focus of this chapter is comparing the birth of the children in Laos (where Nao and Foua were from) to the American birthing traditions. The next important event in the story is Chapter 3 titled â€Å"The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down†. This chapter introduces the beginning of Lia’ seizures as her older sister slammed the front door of their apartment and all of a sudden Lia starts seizing for the first time. This would be the beginning of many more seizures to come.In Hmong culture seizures are not recognized much as a physical illness as it is spiritual in nature and quab dab peg which translates to, the spirit catches you and you fall down, describes the group of symptoms experienced by Lia in the Hmong culture. The Lee’s were both happy and sad about Lia’s seizures. In Hmong culture seizures are considered to have special powers and usually become Shamans, but at the same time the Lees were worried about their child’s health. The story draws attention to the disadvantage that the language barrier caused in the Chapter titled â€Å"Take as Directed†. This chapter talks about how the parents don’t follow the doctor’s orders in giving Lia the proper dosing regimen. The staff and doctor’s didn’t know if her parents simply did not want to give her the medicine or if they basically didn’t know or understand what to do. Lia’s suffers a grand mal seizure during this chapter and gets intubated and placed on a ventilator to keep her alive. To make matters worse, the doctors start to believe that the seizures are causing retardation and that if Nao and Foua would give the child the medicine as directed she would be getting better.Finally a decision is made among medical staff that placing Lia under Foster care may be in her best interest in order to assure a proper dosing regimen. Chapter 9 titled â€Å"A little Medicine and a Little Neeb† describes Lia’s homecoming. Her family spent $300 on a cow that they sacrificed for Lia’s health. The Lee’s devoted a lot of time and money into Lia’s health. They took Lia to Minnesota to visit a twix neeb, they also were giving her proper dosages of her medication. Lia’s was getting a lot better and started attending school.She fell off of a swing one day and started to seize, it was a very serious seizure and three weeks after she was discharged she was admitted again. The doctors are faced with a problem because they don’t know what else to do to prevent the seizures and they fear that one day Lia may have a seizure they can’t stop, and she might die. Unfortunately in Chapter 11 titled â€Å"The Big One† one day before Thanksgiving, Lia had a seizure and her dad called his nephew to get an ambulance.Once she arrived at MCMC, Doctor Neil was unable to stop her seizures. She went into status epilepticus which means that, no matter how many drugs they gave her, she kept on seizing. She was then transferred to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Fresno after she finally stopped seizing. Everyone thought that Lia was going to die and they were just waiting for it to happen. The Lee’s took her back home to be with the family. In Chapter 13 Code X – In this chapter Lia is left with severe brain damage.There is a misunderstanding in the hospital between the parents and doctors and she is ripped from her tubes by her father in an attempt to take her home, at which time the hospital calls a Code X, and she is recovered and re-intubated, only to go home four hours later. At home her mother provides all her care and Lia’s is described as looking beautiful all the time. Re-Imagining the Story of Lia Lee When re-imagining Lia’s story in such a way that would lead to a more successful outcome for all involved, the first question that comes to mind is what could Lia’s parents have done to improve their daughter’s outcome?If her parents would have known how to speak English, maybe there would have been more understanding and communication between them and the medical community. This may not have solved all of the cultural differences but at least there may have been an even flow and exchange of information and feedback between both parties involved. The parents could have agreed to receive training, teaching and instruction on proper prescription medication dosing for Lia by a Hmong nurse or Hmong social worker or more accepted ‘cultural broker’ in addition to practicing any animal sacrifices for Lia.Another thing her parents could have done was to bring a Shaman to be translated by an English speaking Hmong interprete r and explain to the doctors the Hmong culture, traditions and beliefs as they related to Lia’s condition. When asking what could Drs. Ernst and Philip have done to provide Lia with a better quality of care they could have made an effort to learn more of the Hmong language or provide a non-threatening interpreter in order to ensure more understanding, communication and feedback from the Lee family.They could have been more open to their cultural beliefs and traditions and try to find some middle ground to work with Lia’s needs and the needs of her parents. They could have respected their traditions and beliefs and found a way to incorporate both into her care, even if it meant being a bit more unconventional and providing a more simple dosing regimen with the least amount of change in medications as possible without the need for tapering and tweaking of meds. In many instances throughout the story, home health visits were placed to reassure Lia’s care.Jeanine Hilt’s efforts were the most successful, but it should have taken place earlier in Lia’s story and not have taken the removal of custody to get to that point. The doctor’s could have sought out a Hmong speaking nurse that the Lee’s could trust or someone like Jeanine Hilt early on to make a difference. When asking what could the hospital administrator and personnel have done to provide Lia with a better quality of care, I would suggest that they provide interpreters that are non- threatening for the Hmong community of patients they serve. They could have provided specific Hmong culture training to their staff of doctors and nurses.They could have incorporated into their hospital food menus and diets specific Hmong foods and teas customary to the Hmong culture. A combination of Eastern medicine and Western medicine could have been implemented in the care and treatment of Lia so that the parents could be more cooperative with her care. In conclusion, any effort to better understand the Hmong customs and traditions in the care of Lia would have resulted in a better outcome for everyone involved. The parents and doctors both wanted the best for Lia, but their ideas about the causes of her illness and its treatment could hardly have been more different.The Hmong see illness and healing as spiritual matters linked to virtually everything in the universe, while the medical community marks a division between body and soul, and concerns itself almost exclusively with the former. Lias doctors ascribed her seizures to the misfiring of her cerebral neurons; her parents called her illness, qaug dab pegthe spirit catches you and you fall downand ascribed it to the wandering of her soul. The doctors prescribed anticonvulsants; her parents preferred a nimal sacrifices. References Fadiman, A. (1998). The spirit catches you and you fall down. Frrar, Straus and Giroux : New York

2 Obscure Ways You Can Create Writing Samples from Scratch

Raise your hand if youre a journalist and any writing portfolio pieces you have are in print? You want to transition or moonlight as a freelance writer, but you have no proof online that you can even write. Youre stuck and have no clue what to do, even though you have years of reporting background or experience writing news stories for your local newspaper. This story isnt uncommon. Ive learned there are many talented journalists with extensive backgrounds and training, but have no way of showing this online. What do you do in this case? Lets look at traditional ways you can build your freelance writing portfolio and then Ill show you two obscure ways to create online samples from scratch (with an actual link you can show prospects that you do have published material online). Get My Free Course on Getting Paid to Write Online Freelance Writing Portfolio – Where Writing Samples Live There are a few traditional ways new freelance writers create samples for their freelance writing portfolio. But, even though they are the standard, they arent always the best approach if youre a journalist. 1. Your Blog Posts One of the easiest ways to secure writing samples for your freelance writing portfolio is to just create blog posts on your writer website. You can create sample pieces of content you want to get paid to write about. For example, if you want to write and get paid for career topics, then create a few blog posts in that niche. It doesnt really matter what you blog about really, since prospects are looking to see if: You know how to write for an online audience You provide quality content Your writing is easy to read You engage the audience in your writing Whats great about this is, after you publish your posts, you have a link for your portfolio page. But, what if you dont have a blog or even a writer website? Youre a journalist and want to break into online writing, but without a website or a blog this is a little more difficult than you originally thought. What then? 2. Guest Post By far, the best way to build your portfolio is by guest posting. You not only get a link for your freelance writing portfolio, but you also get your name out there (and its on someone else blog!). Its a great marketing strategy since you get an author bio at the end of your post. This can help you land clients, or at the very least, get prospects back to your site or your freelance writing portfolio page – if you have it on a free portfolio platforms such as Contently or Pinterest. But, guest posting can take a lot of time out of your schedule. You have to: Research which blogs accept guest contributors Find out if those blogs are worth your time (i.e. are the sites popular, does the blog produce epic content, whats their content schedule and time frame for publishing guest posts) Make sure you thoroughly read the guest contributor guidelines Pitch your idea or draft Write the guest post Wait to see if its been accepted And when you do land a guest post, most blogs have a long wait time from the time you submit your post to the actual publication date. This can span anywhere from 2-6 weeks. But, you need samples now. You want to pitch and to pitch you need sample posts to show prospects you can actually write. What do you do now? 3. Create Your Own Writing Samples A final way to build your freelance writing portfolio is to just create samples yourself. Its super easy and for journalists – while it might be time consuming – you can transcribe your print material to a MS Word document easily. You can also create a Google Doc and make a shareable link. You can then link this in your portfolio. But, this isnt the best way to showcase your work. For starters, if all you have are PDFs for samples, it makes you look amateurish. Lets take a look at a pitch email and tell me which one looks more professional. This one with links to my portfolio pieces: Or this one: The second one screams youre a new freelance writer. And you know what? If a prospect gets a whiff of your newbie smell, they might get scared and move on to a more experienced freelance writers pitch email. Prospects need to know you are a professional and this is your thang! They are entrusting your with their content marketing strategy to help them generate traffic, sales and loyal customers or readers. If youre new, they might think you have no clue how to do that. But you and I both know you DO know, because youve been doing this for yearsjust in print. If you provide documents or PDFs of writing samples, it just means you are not an online writer. You are a writer and documents are all you have! So, how can you solve this? Freelance Writing Samples – 2 Unknown Methods Traditional ways just arent working for you and you need a way to build your freelance writing portfolio with online content. You dont have a website or blog yet, but you know you want to at least start pitching and seeing if this is actually a viable career (which it is!). Well, there are two simple and great ways to create online writing samples without a website or blog and without guest posting. Lets look at them in detail. 1. LinkedIn Pulse Do you have a LinkedIn profile? I hope you do. Its the place for professionals to network with others in their industry and its also a perfect place to land clients. LinkedIn has a publishing platform, LinkedIn Pulse. Its a place to read the latest news from influencers and other professionals. Its also perfect to create your writing samples. To do this, you first need a LinkedIn profile (itll come in handy when youre a freelance writer!). Once you filled out your bio and added your experience, you can start publishing content on the Pulse. On your home page, click on, publish a post. You then have a place to start writing your first sample. Include a feature image by sourcing Creative Commons licensed photos. When youre done, you have your first online sample that you can share on social media, add to your portfolio and provide in your pitch. 2. Medium The final place you can score an online sample is using the publishing/blogging platform Medium. When I was trying to find ways to create writing samples, I learned about this platform and this is what sparked this blog post. You can write content, link to your blog posts or republish them. You can also follow others, publications and even tags. You can sign up using your Twitter, Facebook or Google+ account, or you can create an account with your email. To create your sample, just click on, write a story. Just like the Pulse, you can instantly begin typing your sample and adding images to complete your post. You now have another sample you can link to in your portfolio. While both of these platforms can act as your portfolio, I strongly suggest you use your writer website to house your samples. And if you dont have a website yet, then to use Contently. Build Your Freelance Writing Portfolio Today You dont have to wait weeks to see your first sample. You dont even need your own blog. By using publishing platforms like the Pulse and Medium, you have an easy way to draft up your sample pieces and have them instantly published online. So, what are you waiting for? Publish a post on the Pulse and sign up to Medium (if you havent already) and start writing! But, if you need more help on sample writing, heres my guide to how to write a sample for your portfolio. If you follow me on Twitter, make sure to tweet your first sample and share it on LinkedIn so I can see it! Get My Free Course on Getting Paid to Write Online

Project on Microbiology, Bacteria Essay Example

Project on Microbiology, Bacteria Essay Example Project on Microbiology, Bacteria Paper Project on Microbiology, Bacteria Paper Microbiology Project The purpose to this lab was to isolate and identify two unknown bacteria from a mixed culture provided to us. This study was done by applying all of the methods that have been instructed on thus far in microbiology laboratory class. Each test performed, provided us with some key information about the unknown microbes in question . The identification of unknown bacteria is a time honored part of microbiology courses. It will challenge knowledge and skill in performing laboratory techniques, ability to critically evaluate the information obtained from these techniques, and ability to effectively communicate the information. There are many reasons for knowing the identity of microorganisms. The reasons range from the knowing the causative agent of a disease in a patient, so as to know how it can be treated, to knowing the correct microorganism to be used for making certain antibiotics. This study was done by applying all of the methods that have been learned so far in the microbiology laboratory class for the identification of an unknown bacterium. II. Results Unknown A a. The unknown is a gram negative bacilli Upon performing a gram stain on a colony from a streak of the unknown bacteria, at 100x, the bacteria stains negative for the gram stain. In addition, the structure of the bacteria is bacilli. b. The unknown is a facultative anaerobe A small amount of bacteria was added to a tube of fluid thioglygollate media, which permits the of a wide variety of bacteria and also allows the determination of the oxygen requirements of an organism. c. The unknown is nonmotile The media was inoculated with a single stab to the center of the tube and incubated. After incubation, the growth was restricted to the stab line, the bacteria is nonmotile. d. The unknown is no capsule formed The bacteria was removed from a single loopful of broth from the tube and streak it into blood agar plate using streak plate method. Incubated for about 24 hours in 37 degrees Celsius. The colony did not show a mucoid appearance and was not sticky. The colony is no capsule formed. e. The unknown is mannitol positive The bacteria was inoculated into a broth that containing the test sugar and incubated. A bright yellow color indicates the production of acid is positive. Production of a gas was determined with Durham tube, which is trapped at the top of the Durham tube and appeared as a bubble. * Acid ( + ) and gas ( + ) f. The unknown is lactose positive The bacteria was inoculated into a broth that containing sugar. Acid was produced as evidenced by the yellow color, and gas was made. Acid ( + ) and gas ( ) III. Conclusion After several differential tests, it was concluded that unknown A was Shigella sonnei. After performing gram stain to determine that the unknown was a gram negative bacilli, the organism was grown on a TSA slant for use in inoculating the rest of the biochemical test. All of the biochemical tests worked well except for the lactose and sucrose, its produced acid and gas. In Shigella sonnei, there is no gas production from lactose and sucrose. The wrong interpretation of data especially from carbohydrate fermentation was challenging. The color that been produced was hard to distinguish because the yellow orange and red was look similar. III. Results A. The unknown is a Gram negative coccobacillus Upon performing a gram stain on a colony from a streak of the unknown bacteria, at 100X, the bacteria stains negative for the Gram stain. In ddition, the structure of the bacteria is coccobacillus. B. The unknown is catalase positive A smear of bacterial culture was placed on a slide, and upon addition of a 3% solution of Hydrogen Peroxide, produced white bubbles. This is indicative of catalase activity and thus the unknown is catalase positive. C. The unknown is not able to ferment lactose A small amount of bacteria was added to a tube of Phenol Red Lactose, where the Phenol Red pH indicator will change upon the fermentation of lactose. After culturing, the tube did not change to yellow, and stayed red, indicating the inability to ferment lactose.

Accounting II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Accounting II - Essay Example Due to the intense global competition factors other than price have become more important over the years. In order to retain customer companies have to provide excellent customer service and good product variety. If an important client requests a customized service or product and the company has the capabilities to comply, the firm must accommodate the customer to achieve customer retention. The stakeholders of corporations care more about the behavior of businesses. Corporate social responsibility has become a key strategic focus that is necessary to improve customer retention. At end of the 1990’s Nike Corporation lost a lot of clients due to the fact that they were involved in a sweetshop scheme oversees. Bad publicity and irresponsible acts such as the occurrence at Nike a decade ago are the types of incidents that can destroy the brand value of an enterprise. Another way to increase customer retention is to design products and services that provide greater value at a comp etitive price

Political Science- Middle Eastern Politics Essay

Political Science- Middle Eastern Politics - Essay Example There are two main answers to this difficult question. The first is perhaps the best. If Iraq asks for U.S. combat troops beyond 2011, America should agree, creating several rapid reaction forces, not numbering more than 20,000 soldiers, to help with problems that may arise. The hard part of implementing this policy will be selling it to both the American and Iraqi public. The second option the U.S. could pursue is to create a staging ground for a rapid reaction force outside of Iraq, perhaps in Saudi Arabia, which could be used in cases of emergency. Both potential strategies will be briefly discussed below. Many American lives have been lost in Iraq, and a great deal of money has been spent. It is tempting, now that violence has been dramatically reduced, to wash our hands of the issue. But the possibility remains that Iraq could revert to a chaotic situation and that we must not allow this to happen. The American Defence Secretary Robert Gates recently signalled that the Obama adm inistration would be willing to continue keeping combat troops in Iraq after 2011 if asked by the Iraqi government. The military commander in Iraq, General Austin agreed there may be a need for this: Speaking to a group of reporters travelling with Gates, Austin gave the strong impression that he thinks Iraq needs a U.S. military presence beyond December, but he said he had not yet been asked to provide a recommendation to Washington. He said Iraq faced the possibility of a "more violent environment" next year, given the absence of U.S. military force and the failure to resolve key political problems, like the Kurd-Arab tensions in Kirkuk and elsewhere in the north (NPR). The willingness is there among policymakers, but the largest problem would be convincing the American public that this was necessary. Strategically, this is one of the more difficult parts of the plan. Americans are sick and tired of Iraq. They want nothing more to do with it. While Republicans would probably side with Obama, it will be politically difficult for him to convince anti-war Democrats to permit American combat troops to stay in Iraq. Obama has already alienated left-wing Democrats with a number of his policies; facing reelection 2012, he might be loath to further enrage them, potentially inviting a primary challenge from the left. While the politics of this choice make it strategically difficult, it may be the only good option. Another strategy would involve refusing combat troops in Iraq, and creating a rapid reaction force nearby, in another country. There are problems with this idea, however. America is already committed to having a major diplomatic presence in Iraq after 2011. According to a recent Senate report: â€Å"The diplomatic mission that remains will be an initiative of unprecedented size and complexity, currently projected to consist of some 17,000 individuals on 15 different sites, including 3 air hubs, 3 police training centers, 2 consulates, 2 embassy branch offi ces, and 5 Office of Security Cooperation sites† (Senate Report, 2). Without a security presence, it will be very difficult to sustain this kind of operation. It may be in America's own interest, as much as the Iraqi's, to have a combat force in Iraq. American diplomatic operations will certainly attract fire in the years ahead, and it will be hard to trust the Iraqi army to properly provide security. Having a

The Laws of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

The Laws of Leadership - Essay Example This is the Law of the Inner Circle. According to Maxwell (1998), â€Å"Nobody does anything great alone. Leaders do not succeed alone.† (127) This is a statement of fact and it is actually practical. There was a time that I was given the mantle of leadership, but I must confess that, I did not farewell based on my own talents, but with the help and support of the people that worked with me. I did not succeed alone as it was with the help of the people closest to me. Thus, the Law of the Inner Circle was enacted in my life and now I know that, great men do not achieve great things alone, but with the efforts of the great minds that work with them (Pierce & Newstrom, 2010). According to John Maxwell (1998) in 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership, â€Å"Effective leaders are always on the lookout for good people.† (103). I think I have not fared well in this regard. I know that, I need good people to work with, but I have not taken time to look for them. I have not really tried to magnet the people that I know that I can work with. In order to solve this leadership lapse, I would try as much as possible to be like the kind of people that I want to work with, so that it would be easier for me to attract them. I would try to take my time out to attract people to my sphere and make them work towards achieving our common

Political background of russia

Political background of russia POLITICAL BACKGROUND RUSSIA FORM OF GOVERNMENT Type of Government: Federal Republic The 1993 Constitution declares Russia a democratic federative state based on the rule of the law and a republication from of government. Source: PricewaterhouseCooper (2009) Doing business and investing in the Russian Federation. Russia. http://www.pwc.com/ru/en/doing-business-in-russia/index.jhtml [24.3.2010] GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE AND HOW IT OPERATES The 1993 Constitution declare Russia a democratic federative state based on the rule of law and a republican form of government. State power in Russia is divided among the executive, legislative and judicial branches. The President of the Russia is considered to be the head of the state where he is responsible for approving the major decision which are taken by the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister of the Russia is considered to be the head of the state where he is responsible for approving the major decision which are taken by the Prime Minister. The Government which comprises prime minister, deputy minister and minister of Russia is responsible for exercising the executive power. The government along with the federal assembly of the Russia is vested with the legislative power. The Legislature consist of bicameral Federal Assembly: State duma is the lower house or parliament which can draft legislation and amend the constitution and file an impeachment against president but cannot put in force directly. Federation Counsil is the upper house and has the power to approve or reject laws adopted by the state Duma. Source: PricewaterhouseCooper (2009) Doing business and investing in the Russian Federation. Russia. http://www.pwc.com/ru/en/doing-business-in-russia/index.jhtml [24.3.2010] INTERNATIONAL RELATION WITH OTHER COUNTRIES Participation in various international organizations Russia has steadily moved from initial pro-western policy towards one that combined elements of co-operation with West (especially on economic issues) and attempts to reassert Russias status as a great power with distinct interest. Russia is a part of the European Union and it accounts to be its main economic partner at the same time it accounts for more than half of its external trade, the bulk of its energy exports and most foreign investment inflows. Russia has its presence with the Asian powers such as China and India. China is still likely to overtake Germany as Russia main trading partner in the next few years. At the same time china could become an important export market of Russian energy, although Russia remains wary of china rise as an economic power. http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy-m.deakin.edu.au/ehost/pdf?vid=4hid=8[emailprotected] CORRUPTION BRIBES According to the Russian Economic Report 2008, there has been seen an 8% growth in the economy of Russia and due to which it has witnesse economic growth over the past years. Source: World Bank 2008, Russian economic report [online], Available from: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTRUSSIANFEDERATION/Resources/rer17_eng.pdf [Accessed: 31.3.2010]. The lack of trust in institution and corruption has affected the confidence of the investor in spite of a massive economic stimulus package given by the Russian government. According to the Institute for Public Project (INOP) along with Institute for Comparative Social Research (CESSI) in their price list of bribes has cite large companies as a major barrier in doing the business in Russia. Source: Business anti-corruption portal 2009, Russia Country Profile [online], Denmark, Available from: http://www.business-anti-corruption.eu/index.php?id=9085 [Accessed: 25.3.2010]. According to the Global Competitiveness Report 2009-2010, â€Å"the business executives which were surveyed the corruption was the key factor identified as the most problematic factor in doing business in Russia. According to a CDI 2008 report on this price-list, the private players will have to pay USD 1-5 in order to get licence and one third of the order price to win a government contract†. The Economist reported in late 2008, reported that USD 10,000 to USD 130,000 was the increased size of the average bribe business According to the Public Opinion Foundation survey, in 2008 around 56% of the business people polled pay bribes. A 2008 survey conducted by the Public Opinion Foundation reveals that 56% of the businesspeople polled pay bribes. Due to more corruption and weak rule of law foreign companies find trade and investment as unattractive in Russia. According to the World Bank IFC Enterprise Surveys 2009, over 29.4% of the unofficial payment are done by companies to get their work done. According to the INDEM reports and Bribe Payers Index 2008, 80% of all Russian companies pay bribes and mostly when doing business abroad. Companies that plans to invest or when operate in Russia must strengthen integrity system and to conduct extensive du diligence. Source: Business anti-corruption portal 2009, Russia Country Profile [online], Denmark, Available from: http://www.business-anti-corruption.eu/index.php?id=9085 [Accessed: 25.3.2010]. Russian Federation 2009 Corruption Russian Federation Region All Countries % of firm expected to informal payment 29.44 17.42 27.11 % of firm expected to give gifts for operating licence 22.18 12.88 16.23 % of firms expected to give gift to get government contracts 46.32 25.95 28.11 % of firms identifying corruption as a major constraint 50.00 33.53 36.62 Corruption 2006 [online], Available from: http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/ExploreEconomies /?economyid=159year=2009 [Accessed: 28.4.2010].

William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay examples -- Papers Romeo

William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet In the love story about Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is an important character as all the events are based on his actions. Romeo the son of Montague falls in love with Juliet the daughter of lord and lady Capulet, this creates a grave problem as the Capulet's and Montague's have had a feud this has been festered for a long time. The impression I get of Romeo when he first comes on to the scene is that he sad and miserable he also shows emotion with his words it is as if he intends on keeping himself to himself. "Many a morning hath he there been seen, with tears augmenting the fresh morning's dew." Lord Montague also says that "Away from the light steels home from my heavy son." This shows that Romeo is secretive and keeps away from daylight. This also shows that Romeo is trying to hide away from people as he has been seen in the early morning looking sad and even crying. "So secret and so close" Romeo won't tell anyone what is wrong with him. Benvolio also makes his way to speak to him but even though he saw him he turned and walked off. "Towards him I made but he was ware of me and stole off into the convent of the wood." When Romeo appears he looks sad and miserable, he says to benvolio "Sad hours seem long." Romeos hours seem long because he is in love and the lady he loves doesn't love him back this makes him feel miserable as time is dragging on. Romeo also says that "Out of her favour where I am in love" This shows that Romeo is love sick for this girl but she doesn't want to give him anything in return, due to this he cannot forget his love ... ...on his enemy. Later on after the party had finished Romeo sneaked to see Juliet. When Romeo sees Juliet on the balcony talking to herself about Romeo how she loves him but how it impossible for them to be as both of their families are having a feud. Romeo decides to listen you her before replying "Call me but 'love' and I'm be new baptised henceforth I never be Romeo" When Romeo says this to Juliet he suggests to her that hew is prepared to deny his name and his family if she will love him. Romeo also tells Juliet how love overcomes all obstacles, he says that "With love's light wings did I o'eperch these walls for stony limits cannot hold love out" By saying this to Juliet Romeo also tells her that he is risking his life coming to her this shows that Romeo is brave and would do anything for love.

Re-reading of ‘A Birthday Present’

Re-read ‘A Birthday Present'. By means of close analysis of the language of this poem, demonstrate how Plath achieves her effects in this poem, and by means of BRIEF reference to one or two other poems, say how typical of her writing you find it. Plath's poem ‘A Birthday Present' creates binary oppositions of images by using antithesis. An example of antithesis in this poem is when the narrator asks, â€Å"is it ugly, is it beautiful?† The adjectives ‘ugly' and ‘beautiful' are opposing images. The structure of this phrase is mirrored in the line below when the narrator asks, â€Å"has it breasts, has it edges?† These two images are opposite as when we imagine ‘breasts' they are round and smooth and not sharp like an ‘edge'. By using this linguistic device Plath creates a ‘seesaw' effect between positive (‘beautiful') and negative (‘ugly') lexis. Plath uses this device of conflicting lexis throughout the poem creating a tension. Furthermore, it can also be said that Plath uses these binary oppositions on a more subtle level to create the theme of good vs. evil. This theme can be seen in some of Plath's other poems. Take ‘Face Lift' or ‘Morning Song' for example, the theme of good and evil is represented by the images of babies she juxtaposes with those of death. The same binary opposition of images is used in ‘A Birthday Present' when the narrator says, â€Å"White as babies' bedding and glittering with dead breath.† Again the two juxtaposed images are of death and babies. It can therefore be said that this theme is typical of Plath's writing and is probably influenced by the miscarriage she suffered prior to writing these poems. Another device that Plath employs for a specific effect in this poem is her use of the personal pronoun ‘you'. The narrator questions, â€Å"Is it impossible for you to let something go and have it go whole?† and, â€Å"Must you kill what you can?† Many other writers use this device to achieve the desired effect of involving the audience as it addresses them directly. However Plath also has another motive. On first glance one may assume that the narrator is questioning the present as it is the apparent focus of the narrator throughout the poem. However, considering the number of references to God throughout the poem, (â€Å"My God what a laugh!†, But my god, the clouds are like cotton.†) one could assess that the question is actually aimed at God. Moreover, the theme in ‘A Birthday Present' of questioning God can be linked to some of Plaths other poetry. Plath's father died when she was a young child. From studying her life I found out that she loved and idolised her father. In her poems ‘Daddy' and ‘Full Fathom Five' Plath makes subtle suggests that she now sees her father as a God-like figure. In ‘Full Fathom Five' she writes, â€Å"You defy other Godhood. I walk dry on your kingdom's border†, when talking to her father. This could therefore be evidence that although she may seem to be addressing the birthday present with questions in this poem she is really questioning to her Dad. The theme of Dad arises in many of Plath's poems and so this poem is typical of her writing. Like many of Plath's other poems she uses personification in ‘A Birthday Present' to make an inert object appear to have a life of its own. The narrator is describing the present when she says, â€Å"I feel it looking. I feel it thinking†. The two verbs are actions that only a living person could do. Plath, however uses them to make the present in the poem come alive. The literary device of personification is typical to some of Plath's other poems. One example is in her poem ‘Cut' where she personifies her thumb by referring to it as ‘Little pilgrim', ‘Saboteur' and ‘Kamikaze man', before reminding us at the end of the poem that it is just a ‘Thumb stump'. This is therefore a device that Plath uses typically in her writing. In conclusion, many of the themes and ideas found in ‘A Birthday Poem' can also be found and mirrored in Plath's other poetry. She also uses a range of literary and linguistic devices in this poem that is typical of her writing.

Culture and Gender

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia adheres to strict Koran laws. Among them is the veiling of women, structuring of their work and lives away from men, and driving (Wikipedia, 2007). Though education in the West is slowly changing this, it is not in any way translated to policy changes or reforms (Bradley, 2006). We aim to ink a deal with the Saudi government for the setting-up of a supermarket chain. To be successful, the negotiators must show respect to the country’s laws and norms. The Saudi government- through the religious police- is the primary proponent and advocate of strict laws and norms pertaining to women hence they should be dealt with sensitively. I choose the budding male executive over the veteran female to head the team. In the country, women are not expected to work in positions which allow them to interact with men. Sending a woman as head of the negotiating team would be an insult to the Saudis with their deeply-entrenched conservative values. Should the CEO insist on sending her, I will ensure that she will not be the front liner. She will still head the negotiations but the spokesman will be the male executive. She will still make the decision but through the latter. My decision will send a message to within and outside the company that we are serious in our business transactions.   It is by complying with the norms and laws of wherever you do business which wins deals. As a leader, it will show my flexibility in matters not wholly congruent to traditional norms of conducting business. Part II- Power Corruption Cycle Power Corruption Cycle is an organizational phenomena characterized by the use of rank to intimidate or bribe the lower-echelons to allow an illegitimate or corrupt practice to happen and/or continue. When the latter become managers or executives themselves, they apply the same corrupt practices which also influence those with lower positions. This cycle- if uninterrupted by new management- would go on and on. It poisons an organization in that the quality of service/s and/or products will be compromised which will eventually lead to its downfall. An example is on the awarding of contracts to bidders in government projects. The members of the bids and awards committee are all corrupt and have a mutual understanding of granting the contract not to the one which offers the premium bid but to the one who can offer the largest kickback. A young, newly-hired assistant to the committee intends to follow stated rules in bidding but soon finds out about the â€Å"unwritten rules†. He is co-opted and fits permanently into the organization. The people- recipients of developmental projects- suffer through sub-standard infrastructure and incoherent development projects and services. This leads to mistrust and enmity towards the government which will create a longing in society to reform, if not replace the government in power and/or the system. ReferenceBradley, J. (2006). Saudi Arabia exposed: Inside a kingdom in crisis. NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia. 2007. Islam in Saudi Arabia. Retrieved Feb. 13, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Saudi_Arabia#Islamism_in_Saudi_Arabia.      

Boas - Boidae - Constricting Snakes

Boas - Boidae - Constricting Snakes Boas (Boidae) are a group of nonvenomous snakes that include about 36 species. Boas are found in North America, South America, Africa, Madagascar, Europe and many Pacific Islands. Boas include the largest of all living snakes, the green anaconda. Other Snakes Called Boas The name boa is also used for two groups of snakes that do not belong to the Boidae family, the split-jawed boas (Bolyeriidae) and the dwarf boas (Tropidophiidae). The split-jawed boas and the dwarf boas are not closely related to members of the family Boidae. Anatomy of Boas Boas are considered to be somewhat primitive snakes. They have a rigid lower jaw and vestigial pelvic bones, with small remnant hind limbs that form a pair of spurs on either side of the body. Although boas share many characteristics with their relatives the pythons, they differ in that they lack postfrontal bones and premaxillary teeth and they give birth to live young. Some but not all species of boas have labial pits, sensory organs that enable the snakes to sense infrared thermal radiation, an ability which is  useful in the location and capture of prey but which also provides functionality in thermoregulation and detection of predators. Boa Diet and Habitat Boas are predominantly terrestrial snakes that forage in low lying bushes and trees and feed on small vertebrates. Some boas are tree-dwelling species that stalk their prey by hanging their head down from their perch amongst the branches. Boas capture their prey by first grasping it and then coiling their body quickly around it. Prey is then killed when the boa constricts its body tightly so that the prey cannot inhale and dies of asphyxiation. The diet of boas varies from species to species but generally includes mammals, birds and other reptiles. The largest of all boas, in fact, the largest of all snakes, is the green anaconda. Green anacondas can grow to lengths of over 22 feet. Green anacondas are also the heaviest known species of snake and may also be the heaviest squamate species as well. Boas inhabit North America, South America, Africa, Madagascar, Europe and many Pacific Islands. Boas are often regarded solely as tropical rainforest species, but although many species are found in rainforests this is not true for all boas. Some species live in arid regions such as the deserts of Australia. The vast majority of boas are terrestrial or arboreal but one species, the green anaconda is an aquatic snake. Green anacondas are native to the slow-moving streams, swamps, and marshes on the eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains. They also occur on the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean. Green anacondas feed on larger prey than most other boas. Their diet includes wild pigs, deer, birds, turtles, capybara, caimans, and even jaguars. Boa Reproduction Boas undergo sexual reproduction and with the exception of two species in the genus Xenophidion, all bear live young. Females that bear live young do so by retaining their eggs within their body give birth to multiple young at once. Classification of Boas The Taxonomic Classification of boas is as follows: Animals Chordates Reptiles Squamates Snakes Boas Boas are divided into two subgroups which include the true boas (Boinae) and the tree boas (Corallus). True boas include the largest species of boas such as the common boa and the anaconda. Tree boas are tree-dwelling snakes with slender bodies and long prehensile tails. Their bodies are somewhat flat in shape, a structure that gives them support and enables them to stretch from one branch to another. Tree boas often rest coiled up in the branches of trees. When they hunt, tree boas hang their head down from the branches and coil their neck in an S-shape to give themselves a good angle from which to strike their prey below.

Politics and Beliefs Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Politics and Beliefs - Term Paper Example This essay discusses that according to Cloninger, for a certain group of people, ideology is important and performs four functions. The first function is it describes the surroundings and answers question why things go as they are. The second of these functions is the evaluation of the surrounding whether good or bad. The third of the functions of ideology is to give the person or group of people a sense of identity. The most important of the functions is the programmatic aspect where ideas are applied into actions. Political ideology is therefore a very important aspect of human nature. A political ideology according to Cloninger is like a revolutionary movement at first that will try to create change according to the goals in life as they wish. Gerring in Chris Livesey’s work entitled Power and Politics defined â€Å"Ideologies† (a set of related beliefs and values) become political ideologies when they â€Å"specify a concrete programme of actions† (such as pa rty manifesto). Mullins described political ideologies as a program of collective action for the maintenance , alteration and transformation of society†. Livesey stated that a conventional way to classify political ideologies is to view them as a continuous line (the continuum) with two ends: â€Å"left wing† parties including Communist and Socialist and â€Å"right wing† parties such Conservative and Fascist. Rummel also identified major political ideologies by illustrating a political triangle. ... They advocate the view that capitalism is a form of exploitation which unfairly concentrates powers and wealth among the few people only. Socialists believe that capitalism creates inequality in a society and does not work in the interest of the majority. According to Rummel (n.d.), libertarianism is the â€Å"political formula for those who opposed to state power.† Thus these are people who wanted to do as things their own way and support basic civil freedoms. Authoritarianism leans more on â€Å"the traditions and customs and central power lies in the hands of a leader who maintains such tradition and policies (Rummel, n.d.). Political Socialization Political socialization is defined as â€Å"the process by which political culture is transmitted in a given society. It occurs at both the individual and community level, and it extends beyond the acquisition of political culture to encompass the learning of more sophisticated political ideas and orientations. Political social ization is a lifelong process and a variety of individuals and institutions contribute to its shaping effect†(http://imej.wfu.edu, Political Socialization). This process of transmission is carried through the agents of socialization which include family, schools, church, friends and media. Family is considered to be the most important agent of socialization. Most likely, children will have the same political affiliation as their parents. Schools on the other hand also have vital effect on students’ political values through peer groups. Religion also affects a person’s values and ideologies through their moral teachings. Friends also influence a person’s value through sharing of thoughts and constant communication. Media

The Corporate Manslaughter Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Corporate Manslaughter Reform - Essay Example This is but a logical consequence of the very nature of corporations' artificial personality in connection with what possible penalty they could be made to suffer. But the famous case of R. v. P & O Ferries (Dover) Ltd. 93 Cr App Rep 72 (or the famous Herald of Free Enterprise case) have challenged this idea and the courts' decision was to formally recognise that these corporations can be made criminally liable for manslaughter. This decision is taken to mean as holding the corporation itself directly criminally liable for manslaughter (as if the corporation have acted independently on its own to constitute mens rea and actus reus) aside from the individual liabilities of its directors or officers. The US Supreme Court as well in 1909 (along the same line of thought on corporate criminal liability) held that corporations could be held liable criminally for acts or omissions including failure of an agent acting within the scope of his employment. From here, there were recent cases which have stated that a corporation will be held vicariously liable for the illegal acts of its employees if the employees act within the scope of their authority and intend to benefit the corporation. In both jurisdictions (UK and the United States), corporate criminal liability is without question recognised. The Problem of the Second Element of the Offence in Government's Proposed Draft Bill Reform on Corporate Manslaughter Corporate manslaughter is a homicide for a corporation. This means that a natural person is made to answer for criminal liabilities as if it were a natural person being held to answer for the consequences of a criminal act. Taken from... The researcher of this essay states that it is but proper to mention some basic concepts of corporate criminal liability as a preliminary before taking up the crucial issues involved in the Corporate Manslaughter: The Government’s Draft Bill for Reform. Corporate criminal liability is one of those hotly debated topics. One issue that attracts much attention is whether a corporation should be at "fault" before liability is imposed, and precisely what "corporate fault" means. In other words, what liability standard should be required before imposing liability on the corporation. For example, should liability be imposed when the corporation is negligent, when it acts "knowingly," whenever harm occurs regardless of the "fault" of the corporation, or some other liability standard? This essay addresses this issue and provides some deterrence-based insights into the choice of liability standards for corporate crime. The researcher mentiones that there were recent cases which have sta ted that a corporation will be held vicariously liable for the illegal acts of its employees if the employees act within the scope of their authority and intend to benefit the corporation. In both jurisdictions (UK and US), corporate criminal liability is without question recognised. The proposed Corporate Manslaughter Law aims to tackle the identification principle by providing a new basis - a test that focuses on management failure at senior level within the organization instead of focusing on the negligent act of an individual employee.

Silent Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Silent Film - Essay Example Accessing these materials is, however, not a straightforward path, especially when investigating a new topic. Proper researching, though, leads one to find these archives that contain materials that are so much back dated. This paper, therefore, seeks to explore the archives bearing information on Charlie Chaplain with an aim of stating the lesson learnt from the topic. It will then explain how the topic was identified, the interest it raised over time, how the topic was narrowed, and the obstacles and dead-ends met during the research and the keywords searched that worked best and why they worked. Charlie Chaplain was a wealthy man who made millions through acting in the period of silent films. He was one of the funniest men during his era. He is a funny character who speaks better for himself even though his speech is of silent nature. He could send everyone who watched him into laughter, including those who did not want to laugh. Chaplain inhabited four hubs of jocularity between Fifth Avenue and Dearborn where he brought laughter to the shifting crowds (Kitty 10). His mode of dressing entailed a miserable pair of trousers and a bedraggled coat tails. He was also familiarized with an amusing midst of a minute mustache (Kitty 14). Chaplain was a big name, celebrated for the hilarious performances made in public concerts. He could receive several performance invitations, including the one mentioned in the Los Angeles Times. It provided, â€Å"Chaplain to shine: A citizen’s Vigilance Committee from Venice was out last night searching for one Charlie Chaplain, who is to be in the parade and catch the first ball in the opening game of San Francisco – Venice series.† (Green III1). Chaplain became so famous that at one time a crowd of about 500 people mistook Francis LaPlant and followed him down state street thinking that it was Chaplain. LaPlant thought the crowd wanted to lynch him and ran to a nearby medicine store where police ‘saved ’ him by taking him to his home (Hartford Courant 9). Chaplain produced several humorous antics, which included ‘For the Commonwealth’, ‘Who Pays’ and ‘Work’. As a result of his fame, Chaplain’s value rose. According to the Madison Square Theatre Schedule in New York, Chaplain was valued at $12,500 per week by 1915. According to an article, the management of the theatre offered Chaplain a lump of up to $25,000 as salary in order to engage him (Kingsley III4). Charlie Chaplin was so funny that in some instances he was referred to as the funniest and most vulgar human in the entire universe. In his piece, ‘The Woman’, for example, decent people would be infuriated due to the vulgarity in it. Its nature left the audience angry in their own laughter. This, however, is seen as demeaning his work as he seems to have no self – limit. His talent enables him turn impossible crowds into sheers of laughter. When he gets h is trousers down, however, mixed reactions will mostly likely fill the air, and parents might start restricting their children from attending Chaplin’s concerts. Harry Hamill was once quoted saying, â€Å"†¦In my judgment Chaplin descends to the lowest depths of vulgarity in almost every case.† Another man, A. C. F. said: Even the men will no longer think him funny or clever if he continues

Family Expecations Essay Example for Free

Family Expecations Essay I have found that family expectations are both problematic as well as helpful as I have grown and matured.   My family’s expectations revolve around our shared histories and aspirations as well as their perceptions of what I might be successful at or enjoy in life.   On the other hand, my life outside of my family has developed to a point where I gain encouragement and confirmation about my abilities and projections from other sources, such as my peers, my work, and through socializing. My ultimate priorities are up to me and only I can determine whether or not I am meeting my expectations no matter what my family believes.   That being said, pressures and expectations from my family has helped me to identify certain paths that I might prove successful for me in the long term.   My family usually has my best intentions in mind when they discuss their expectations for me and that can be a comforting and confidence inspiring motivation.   Additionally, if I have doubts about meeting my expectations, my family is there to advise me on what they feel I should or should not be doing in a particular situation based on their wisdom and previous experiences. In contrast, I often feel that my family’s expectations for me are based around what they knew of me as a younger adult or child.   Instead of asking me about my current goals and projects, often times they will revert back to telling me what my dreams were as a kid, or even worse, what dreams they had for me when I was a kid.   I understand that they are trying to be optimistic and positive influences on me, but at the same time I have grown up outside of my family and have created new ideas and goals for my future; not the necessarily the future that they always have had envisioned for me. Prioritizing family expectations is a balancing act for me because I want to make my family proud while at the same time living life according to my own principles.   This can be a difficult terrain to traverse, but ultimately it leads to more open and honest discussions about the best way to live life.   In our family, these discussions can at times become heated, but they are always interesting and we come out of them with newfound respect and hopes for the future. I have found that sometimes not living up to family expectations has been the most fruitful decisions I have personally made in my life.   Making my own choices and following my dreams in spite of my family’s expectations has paid off.   My family is proud of me for having the courage and the ambition to follow through on what I believe in.   If that is in fact their ultimate expectation for me, then I have found the balance necessary to surpass those expectations in the face of all obstacles.

Reducing Carbon Emissions Of The Construction Industry

Reducing Carbon Emissions Of The Construction Industry It is ideal to mention that almost all things emerging around us are constructed out of carbon. However carbons in forms of solid are less damaging; such forms are tree tail or a layer of coal in the ground [1]. CO2 is produced from diverse sources, one of which is energy, i.e, the production of energy takes place from burning fossil fuels such as oil, gas, coal, used in power plants, transportation and other construction industrial conveniences and almost everything we do in our live is involved energy. All of the carbon emitters ranging from energy generation to transportation are found for the benefit of humans. So its essential for us to seriously consider and work on reducing CO2 emission. Subsequently, the future will force us to reduce our emission as we will see clearly what negative affect our emitters have had on the environment In addition, every facet of the UKs economy from construction to transportation to agriculture is dependent on fossil fuel imitative energy in fact the emissions of carbon dioxide were over 150 million tonnes in 2004[2] that comes from burning fossil fuels. As we search and try to discover different means of energy sources, we are still facing the certainty that CO2 emission from UK economy is still rising and actions must be come into view to equalise and cut the emissions that we cannot yet eradicate. Figure (2) [3] The UK is currently likely to reduce emissions of CO2 by 15-18% of 1990 levels by 2010 [4]as shown in the figure (2) above; In order from the government to meet these figures, variety of methods are implemented to reduce the CO2 emission, trees are one way to offset carbon emission. Planting tree is a probable process to deal with climate change and it is one of the few methods that in fact eradicate active CO2 from the environment by using a process called (carbon sequestration). Trees are known of absorbing CO2 of the atmosphere and provide it with O2 instead. This operation is referred to as Carbon Sequestration, in addition to the mentioned above, plants do also give back some CO2 but it is of such a small amount, that the effect of tree to nature and the atmosphere is seen totally positive. Other methods that can be used in reducing carbon footprint are factors such as Solar power, Recycling, Water saving and Thermal insulation. Solar power can be used to convert the suns power into other energy sources typically heat, electricity or hot water. This mean of energy generation was adopted due to its extremely low carbon print and hence having no negative effect on the environment during the power generation process. Recycling is significant in the process of reducing the amount of waste dispatched to land fill in comparison to new means of cutting the excessive use of natural sources and materials. Saving water is necessary because there is an increase in population and therefore the rate of water usage is greater than ever, but the water suppliers have a limited contribute obtainable for drinking. Those water suppliers need to use energy to run their treatment plants and pumping water; therefore reducing the usage will save energy considerably. Thermal insulation is used mostly in buildings to prevent having unnecessary heat driven in the structure; this will result in low running cost and less spending on central heating systems as well as reducing the power consumption from electricity. _________________________________________________________________________ Part 2: CO2 emission in construction: One of the major causes of CO2 emission in the UK is caused by construction. This is due to the fact that the construction industry uses untreated materials which are considered as major elements in generating noise, dust and considerable amount of waste. Furthermore, the production and use of concrete has an enormous environmental effect this is because Cement is an energy consumer and CO2 fabricated material. Other factors and causes of CO2 emission are things such as products that use high temperature processes to produce elements such as cement, bricks; these are considered as a main user of energy and emitter of greenhouse gases. Other material productions that can lead to CO2 emission are lead, iron and other chemical creation such as ammonia and titanium dioxide that can definitely cause negative impact to the environment. Part2: Changes have been made to meet targets of reducing CO2 emission Currently United Kingdom is working for changes toward producing and distributing a Greener and environmentally friendly energy. Simple example of those changes is pay-as-you-electrical supply, helping homes produce their own clean energy and boosting electricity production from low carbon sources, which in turn aid in the reduction of CO2 emission. At the moment 21 % of reduction has already been achieved from different sectors. This is equivalent to cutting all emissions from a city four times the size of London.[5] by making these necessary changes. So The UK government has already set targets to meet its goal of making reduction in the CO2 emission and construction is one of the areas that need to be considered in order to meet these targets. One of the actions the government has done to meet the targets is to reduce waste resulted from construction. Therefore, it has introduced the Site Waste Management Plans (SWMP) which came into force to make construction companies manage their waste generated on site, (more details of this scheme can be found in the recycling section). Other organisations supported by the government that help contractors to manage and reduce waste are (Norfolk Waste Recycling Assistance Project) (NORWRAP) and The National House Building Council (NHBC), these organisation are part of the commitment and changes the government has done to help reduce CO2 emission by launching an outline plan for these changes including waste collection and recycling. Accordingly, this will reduce the landfill and the removal tax as well as reducing the labour costs of transporting these waste materials. Other Ways in which the UK will meet its targets in further reduction of CO2 emissions are set out in the following areas: Transport organism Homes and society Power system Managing lands, Farms more sustainably Figures of CO2 consumption in the UK from 1990 to 2007 resulted from different sectors are shown below: Figure (4) [6] Transport organism: Most of the energy consumed in this sector is caused from different fuel types; few of which are petroleum, diesel and gasoline. As most types of transport means use these fuels, thus the emission of CO2 caused from the transportation sector continued to increase since (1990). Transportation is deemed as one of the major sectors that can be mortified to meet CO2 reduction targets due to different reasons: People can be greener in the present and future by choosing the most sustainable and lowest carbon ways of meeting their transport needs. The government can support companies that generate low carbon vehicles to reduce greenhouse gas emission. Homes and society (Residential): The main goal in this sector is to make residential homes more efficient and support small scale renewable energy projects. This intern will be enhancing green infrastructure and reduce the production of CO2 as it can be seen in Figure (4). Which can then improve the flexibility of our places to impacts of climate change such as flooding and over-heating, therefore it is vital that we acquire a long-term view to develop the functioning of our existing places. Different type of energy sources are consumed by housing some of which are related to lights, water heating and cooking space. New targets according to Governments resource [7] include: Pay as you save pilots helping people make their house greener by using the savings made on bills to repay the upfront costs. Encouragement on the new clean energy cash-back scheme, which means people will be paid for generating electricity from low carbon sources. The power system (energy supply): The most effective way in which CO2 reductions can be achieved is by enhancing the way electricity is generated. Biomass is one of the means the government aim to use in producing electricity; biomass can be converted into gas or liquid fuels by using chemicals or heat to convert that energy into a usable energy source such as electricity. However, CO2 that is released during the production of energy (electricity) from biomass is balanced by that which is absorbed during the production of the fuel itself [8] which make this method considerably energy efficient. Managing land, Farms more sustainably: We have reached an era where we can use technical and methodological ideas such as recycling usable materials, converting the organic material into usable fuel and digging up landfills for extracting solid waste are all logical and feasible ideas whose time has come. Reduction of emissions from agriculture, land use and waste can be achieved by sustaining the resources available for growing food and by well managing water and soil quality. Also allowing undeveloped land for development that greenly meet human needs, as well as supporting the anaerobic digestion, a process that turns organic materials such as food waste, slurries and manures into renewable energy in form of biogas [9] this can be used as an electricity production source thats why it widely spread across Europe. Part 3: Recycling Recycling is considered as a method of making the best use of the waste materials as well as, reducing the excessive use of the currently available natural materials. Recycling also plays a role in reducing pollution caused by dumping waste materials in the ground. Such strategy is very useful in these times where natural sources are of limited existences and need for those resources are gradually increasing day after another. This isnt only for the sake of the current generation but the upcoming generation will live their entire lives in a world we left for them, hence, we must take maximum care. From a technical point of view, recycling is a process that takes less energy to perform and complete than starting the creation of that certain material from scratch. A clear example of that is the use of steel in construction, where melting it and reforming it is by far, an easier process than making the mixing and forming process from the beginning. In figures, researches reached the fact that Aluminium makes use of 5% less energy when made through recycling [10], in comparison to making from the original composites. In this project, the main recycling sector to be discussed is recycling in construction. Construction is considered in many researches as a result of its major impact on the total recycling in the country. The value of construction industry works out to be  £100bn a year and is responsible for 8% of the domestic product in the United Kingdom [11]. Given this field has this crucial influence, it will of course, have a positive impact on the recycling process in total. The recycle process in the construction industry is a process that is involved in the sub-fields of public buildings, houses, roads, public access points, marine structures and major factories. Despite of all the current policies to reduce the emissions and increase the efficiency of recycling, the UK still doesnt meet the drawn targets. This only means, new methods and strategies must be taken. In addition to the local preferences, government policies and legislations; the government was pushed by the EU in 2007 to come up with the Waste Strategy for England 2007. As mentioned earlier, if recycling doesnt take place, the alternative method to get rid of waste materials will be dumping them in the ground. The negatives of this process are a minimum if the dumped materials are bio-degradable, but in case they arent, recycling will play a major role in solving this problem, prevent causing damage to the environment and make a positive use of those non-bio-degradable materials. Following those government legislation, the construction field has followed the following strategies: Improve after-life of constructions to increase the efficiency and cause less need for waste removal. Appropriate disposal of hazardous waste to avoid causing damage to the environment and categorise the waste accordingly. Treat some of the materials those could be treated without the need for recycling to avoid unnecessary waste of energy. In relation with government strategies; the Site Waste Management Plans (SWMP) regulation was released in 2008; targeting major construction projects in England with a cost over  £300,000 [12]. This scheme works on the basis of registering what materials will be used, how they will be demolished, when and how they will be dumped or recycled. This scheme stands on the following aims: Reduce the amount of waste produced from construction, demolition or refurbishing. Increase waste recycling and improve efficiency of the recycling process and the materials generated by it. Ensure appropriate disposal of waste materials and diagnose when they are reach the stage to be dumped in the ground (after how many stages of curing), alternatively make better and second use of them to minimize any waste generated, this is presented in the simple flow chart below: Process of minimising construction waste materials [13]

Drug Trafficking and the Financing of Terrorism Essay -- International

"International and Domestic Terrorism Organizations and their supporters engage in a myriad of crimes to fund and facilitate terrorist activities. These crimes include extortion, kidnaping, robbery, corruption, alien smuggling, document fraud, arms trafficking, cyber crime, white collar crime, smuggling of contraband, money laundering and certainly drug trafficking." -- Steven C. McCraw, Assistant Director, Office of Intelligence, FBI, May 20, 2003 In 2002, the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy spent more than three million dollars to buy two commercials for the Super Bowl (Bovard). One of the commercials viewers posed the question of where terrorists get their funding. The answer suggested by that commercial was from buying drugs in the United States (Bovard). Most people in America viewed this as a joke and as an over-exaggeration of the truth. Recreational marijuana users (marijuana is considered a drug) saw no correlation between smoking marijuana and terrorism but more â€Å"hard-core† drug users may be in fact aiding terrorism. A main problem with the commercials put on by the White House was that with all the conflict surrounding Afghanistan and the Taliban government, the general public assumed, or was pushed to assume, that the terrorists responsible for 9/11 were the only terrorists in the world. Terrorist groups exist beyond the Taliban and Al-Qaeda including groups in Columbia, a country renowned for its drug traffic. Most Americans are not well-educated enough on drugs and the so called â€Å"War on Drugs,† not so much due to ignorance but because of a lack of teaching on it. It almost seems as if our leader’s believe in a â€Å"don’t talk about it and it will go away† kind of manner. If America... ...ation’s Fraud. 18 April 2015 . Gray, Mike. Drugs & Terrorism. 2002. NarcoTerror.org. 5 April 2015 . Huang, Reyko. Terroism-Drugs. 2 Nov. 2001. Center for Defense Information. Web 18 April 2015 . McCraw, Steven C. Testimony Before the Senate Judiciary Committee. Web 18 April 2015 http://www.fbi.gov/news/testimony/international-drug-trafficking-and-terrorism Mostert, Mary. Is the Attack on Condi to Cover Up Clinton’s Role in Arming Drug-Dealing Terrorists?. 12 April 2004. Banner of Liberty. 11 May 2015 . Schmid, Hans. The Kurdish Terrorism-and-Drugs Connection. 1995. 24 April 2015 .

Cry the Beloved Country Restoration Analysis

Restoration Through Symbolism Restoration is a beautiful thing. Watching something go from nothing to everything is amazing. In the book Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton, restoration is one of the main themes of the book. I am going to talk about two main examples; a quotation from a character and the significance of a certain character. The first thing developing the concept of restoration is the character Napoleon. Napoleon was an allusion used in the story. He was a demonstrator that came to the city of Ndotsheni to help them ‘get back on their feet again' by teaching them how to efficiently farm.However, his advice was not exactly received with open arms. As a character, he is quite similar to Napoleon Bonaparte, a French leader. Both of them had very helpful ideas to improve life for everyone, but not everyone appreciated his suggestions. The Napoleon in the story also symbolizes starting the process of restoration. When Ndotsheni finally accepts his advice and begi ns doing things more efficiently, it's an enormous turning point for the city. Also symbolizing the restoration process is the words of another character, Father Vincent. Feature Article  Country School  Allen CurnowFear is a journey, a terrible journey, but sorrow is at least an arriving†, he says, while comforting Stephen Kumalo. When he says this, he also hints at the concept of restoration, because later in the quote, he references building a house, directly saying that you can rebuild what you have lost. I've just given two examples on how different types of material in the same book can mean almost the exact same thing. Watching restoration is still thrilling for me, whether it be in real life or in a fictional town.

The Mosaic floors at Fishbourne

The Mosaic floors at Fishbourne have been damaged in a variety of ways. In this essay I am going to describe and explain how several of the floors have been damaged before explaining how the damage might have been caused. In addition, I will then explain what this damage can tell us about the changing function of the site. I will now organise the damaged floors into different categorises of 4 types, and those 4 types are:- Natural-natural damage such as weather erosion. Structural- structural damage such as post holes or ditches or drain marks. Accidental-accidental damage such as JCB marks, or plough marks. Vandalism-vandalism damage made on purpose such as rubbish site. I will now describe and explain each of the 4 different types of floor damage. I will start off with Natural damage. There are 2 clearly visible effects of natural damage at Fishbourne, the first is Subsidence, subsidence is the motion of a surface as it shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level, there are clear and visible marks of subsidence at Fishbourne as one of the floors is decomposed and has signs of floor sinking, and tiles crumbled down also sinking, this tells us that the place could have been used as a rubbish tip site before because there are clear dips around that particular floor so people could of just thrown rubbish into it and then buried it, then built over with mosaic and now dug up again, subsidence also occurs in brittle areas of the Earth's crust and by ductile flow in the hotter and more fluid mantle of the Earth caused by the footwall of normal faults. And the second natural damage is Fire, one of the floors at Fishbourne shows heavy erosion by weathering, this is because during Roman rule, a fire was reported and burned most of the place, when the fire ended, it burned and completely destroyed the roof in that particular area, so there was then no roof and the mosaic floor was then exposed to the harsh English weather which slowly eroded it and eventually was then covered over by Earth and then eventually dug up, the fire did not actually cause any damage, but it burned down the roof so it collapsed onto the floor creating the first part of the damage, and then the weather erodes the floor and creates the second part of the damage. I will now explore Structural damage, there are 2 clear visible effects of structural damage, and the first is Granary Posts, one floor at Fishbourne has clear post holes left in it, they are equal length apart from each other and are opposite to each other. This shows that if there were Granary Posts, there was a Granary store used to store goods such as food, weapons, jewellery, and other valuables, when the Granary store was taken down, posts were left there and the wood oxidized and rotted. This tells us that the people that put up the Granary store and took it down were probably in a rush and wanted to do it quickly, and the Granary store could of be used for military purposes, also the wooden posts were left there after granary store was taken down, this tells us that maybe the Romans did not really know about objects like wood rotting, and they could have been in a hurry to take down the granary store as posts were left in there this could show they did not have time to take out the posts. The second Structural damage is a Drainage Ditch, a floor at Fishbourne has damage which can suggest that a Drainage Ditch could have been placed there earlier on because there is a massive dip in the shape of a ditch on one of the mosaics, in the Medieval period this drainage ditch could have been used for growing various crop, and might have been used as a burial ground or even a rubbish tip again, there is evidence of it being a burial ground because a skeleton was found under that mosaic. I will now look at the Accidental damage, there are 2 cases of accidental damage at Fishbourne, the first is a JCB channel concrete mark, one of the mosaics at Fishborne has been damaged by a channel of concrete that runs through the mosaic floor, it is clearly visible and was caused when the site was first discovered, the concrete was used to fill in the ditch that had been dug by a mechanical digger in order to lay water pipes in the 1960s, this tells us that the Fishbourne site had been completely overgrown, no-one knew of the site's existence until the 1960s, by then 3 quarters of the site had already been destroyed by this time. And the second damage is Medieval ploughing, one of the floors at Fishbourne has deep parallel line plough marks in the floor probably caused by a Medieval plough, this tells us that the place could possibly of been used to grow various crops on farm land in medieval times. I will now finish off the different types of damage by exploring the last type of damage which is vandalism, at Fishbourne there is 1 case of vandalism damage, near one of the mosaics there is a burial site with a number of graves and skeleton bones found in them, but some of the mosaic floor patterns are still visible under the skeleton, dug through the tiles, there could of probably been robbers trying to get to the bodies and could of smashed through the grave looking for valuables, this tells us that the site could have been used as a burial ground, and maybe in a hurry to burry someone. To conclude this essay, from the evidence that is available to me at the site and through other sources such as photographs and extracts I can successfully prove how the floors were damaged at Fishbourne and explain  about the different types of floor damage as I have already done this earlier  on in this essay in the main body of evidence.