2 Obscure Ways You Can Create Writing Samples from Scratch

Raise your hand if youre a journalist and any writing portfolio pieces you have are in print? You want to transition or moonlight as a freelance writer, but you have no proof online that you can even write. Youre stuck and have no clue what to do, even though you have years of reporting background or experience writing news stories for your local newspaper. This story isnt uncommon. Ive learned there are many talented journalists with extensive backgrounds and training, but have no way of showing this online. What do you do in this case? Lets look at traditional ways you can build your freelance writing portfolio and then Ill show you two obscure ways to create online samples from scratch (with an actual link you can show prospects that you do have published material online). Get My Free Course on Getting Paid to Write Online Freelance Writing Portfolio – Where Writing Samples Live There are a few traditional ways new freelance writers create samples for their freelance writing portfolio. But, even though they are the standard, they arent always the best approach if youre a journalist. 1. Your Blog Posts One of the easiest ways to secure writing samples for your freelance writing portfolio is to just create blog posts on your writer website. You can create sample pieces of content you want to get paid to write about. For example, if you want to write and get paid for career topics, then create a few blog posts in that niche. It doesnt really matter what you blog about really, since prospects are looking to see if: You know how to write for an online audience You provide quality content Your writing is easy to read You engage the audience in your writing Whats great about this is, after you publish your posts, you have a link for your portfolio page. But, what if you dont have a blog or even a writer website? Youre a journalist and want to break into online writing, but without a website or a blog this is a little more difficult than you originally thought. What then? 2. Guest Post By far, the best way to build your portfolio is by guest posting. You not only get a link for your freelance writing portfolio, but you also get your name out there (and its on someone else blog!). Its a great marketing strategy since you get an author bio at the end of your post. This can help you land clients, or at the very least, get prospects back to your site or your freelance writing portfolio page – if you have it on a free portfolio platforms such as Contently or Pinterest. But, guest posting can take a lot of time out of your schedule. You have to: Research which blogs accept guest contributors Find out if those blogs are worth your time (i.e. are the sites popular, does the blog produce epic content, whats their content schedule and time frame for publishing guest posts) Make sure you thoroughly read the guest contributor guidelines Pitch your idea or draft Write the guest post Wait to see if its been accepted And when you do land a guest post, most blogs have a long wait time from the time you submit your post to the actual publication date. This can span anywhere from 2-6 weeks. But, you need samples now. You want to pitch and to pitch you need sample posts to show prospects you can actually write. What do you do now? 3. Create Your Own Writing Samples A final way to build your freelance writing portfolio is to just create samples yourself. Its super easy and for journalists – while it might be time consuming – you can transcribe your print material to a MS Word document easily. You can also create a Google Doc and make a shareable link. You can then link this in your portfolio. But, this isnt the best way to showcase your work. For starters, if all you have are PDFs for samples, it makes you look amateurish. Lets take a look at a pitch email and tell me which one looks more professional. This one with links to my portfolio pieces: Or this one: The second one screams youre a new freelance writer. And you know what? If a prospect gets a whiff of your newbie smell, they might get scared and move on to a more experienced freelance writers pitch email. Prospects need to know you are a professional and this is your thang! They are entrusting your with their content marketing strategy to help them generate traffic, sales and loyal customers or readers. If youre new, they might think you have no clue how to do that. But you and I both know you DO know, because youve been doing this for yearsjust in print. If you provide documents or PDFs of writing samples, it just means you are not an online writer. You are a writer and documents are all you have! So, how can you solve this? Freelance Writing Samples – 2 Unknown Methods Traditional ways just arent working for you and you need a way to build your freelance writing portfolio with online content. You dont have a website or blog yet, but you know you want to at least start pitching and seeing if this is actually a viable career (which it is!). Well, there are two simple and great ways to create online writing samples without a website or blog and without guest posting. Lets look at them in detail. 1. LinkedIn Pulse Do you have a LinkedIn profile? I hope you do. Its the place for professionals to network with others in their industry and its also a perfect place to land clients. LinkedIn has a publishing platform, LinkedIn Pulse. Its a place to read the latest news from influencers and other professionals. Its also perfect to create your writing samples. To do this, you first need a LinkedIn profile (itll come in handy when youre a freelance writer!). Once you filled out your bio and added your experience, you can start publishing content on the Pulse. On your home page, click on, publish a post. You then have a place to start writing your first sample. Include a feature image by sourcing Creative Commons licensed photos. When youre done, you have your first online sample that you can share on social media, add to your portfolio and provide in your pitch. 2. Medium The final place you can score an online sample is using the publishing/blogging platform Medium. When I was trying to find ways to create writing samples, I learned about this platform and this is what sparked this blog post. You can write content, link to your blog posts or republish them. You can also follow others, publications and even tags. You can sign up using your Twitter, Facebook or Google+ account, or you can create an account with your email. To create your sample, just click on, write a story. Just like the Pulse, you can instantly begin typing your sample and adding images to complete your post. You now have another sample you can link to in your portfolio. While both of these platforms can act as your portfolio, I strongly suggest you use your writer website to house your samples. And if you dont have a website yet, then to use Contently. Build Your Freelance Writing Portfolio Today You dont have to wait weeks to see your first sample. You dont even need your own blog. By using publishing platforms like the Pulse and Medium, you have an easy way to draft up your sample pieces and have them instantly published online. So, what are you waiting for? Publish a post on the Pulse and sign up to Medium (if you havent already) and start writing! But, if you need more help on sample writing, heres my guide to how to write a sample for your portfolio. If you follow me on Twitter, make sure to tweet your first sample and share it on LinkedIn so I can see it! Get My Free Course on Getting Paid to Write Online

Project on Microbiology, Bacteria Essay Example

Project on Microbiology, Bacteria Essay Example Project on Microbiology, Bacteria Paper Project on Microbiology, Bacteria Paper Microbiology Project The purpose to this lab was to isolate and identify two unknown bacteria from a mixed culture provided to us. This study was done by applying all of the methods that have been instructed on thus far in microbiology laboratory class. Each test performed, provided us with some key information about the unknown microbes in question . The identification of unknown bacteria is a time honored part of microbiology courses. It will challenge knowledge and skill in performing laboratory techniques, ability to critically evaluate the information obtained from these techniques, and ability to effectively communicate the information. There are many reasons for knowing the identity of microorganisms. The reasons range from the knowing the causative agent of a disease in a patient, so as to know how it can be treated, to knowing the correct microorganism to be used for making certain antibiotics. This study was done by applying all of the methods that have been learned so far in the microbiology laboratory class for the identification of an unknown bacterium. II. Results Unknown A a. The unknown is a gram negative bacilli Upon performing a gram stain on a colony from a streak of the unknown bacteria, at 100x, the bacteria stains negative for the gram stain. In addition, the structure of the bacteria is bacilli. b. The unknown is a facultative anaerobe A small amount of bacteria was added to a tube of fluid thioglygollate media, which permits the of a wide variety of bacteria and also allows the determination of the oxygen requirements of an organism. c. The unknown is nonmotile The media was inoculated with a single stab to the center of the tube and incubated. After incubation, the growth was restricted to the stab line, the bacteria is nonmotile. d. The unknown is no capsule formed The bacteria was removed from a single loopful of broth from the tube and streak it into blood agar plate using streak plate method. Incubated for about 24 hours in 37 degrees Celsius. The colony did not show a mucoid appearance and was not sticky. The colony is no capsule formed. e. The unknown is mannitol positive The bacteria was inoculated into a broth that containing the test sugar and incubated. A bright yellow color indicates the production of acid is positive. Production of a gas was determined with Durham tube, which is trapped at the top of the Durham tube and appeared as a bubble. * Acid ( + ) and gas ( + ) f. The unknown is lactose positive The bacteria was inoculated into a broth that containing sugar. Acid was produced as evidenced by the yellow color, and gas was made. Acid ( + ) and gas ( ) III. Conclusion After several differential tests, it was concluded that unknown A was Shigella sonnei. After performing gram stain to determine that the unknown was a gram negative bacilli, the organism was grown on a TSA slant for use in inoculating the rest of the biochemical test. All of the biochemical tests worked well except for the lactose and sucrose, its produced acid and gas. In Shigella sonnei, there is no gas production from lactose and sucrose. The wrong interpretation of data especially from carbohydrate fermentation was challenging. The color that been produced was hard to distinguish because the yellow orange and red was look similar. III. Results A. The unknown is a Gram negative coccobacillus Upon performing a gram stain on a colony from a streak of the unknown bacteria, at 100X, the bacteria stains negative for the Gram stain. In ddition, the structure of the bacteria is coccobacillus. B. The unknown is catalase positive A smear of bacterial culture was placed on a slide, and upon addition of a 3% solution of Hydrogen Peroxide, produced white bubbles. This is indicative of catalase activity and thus the unknown is catalase positive. C. The unknown is not able to ferment lactose A small amount of bacteria was added to a tube of Phenol Red Lactose, where the Phenol Red pH indicator will change upon the fermentation of lactose. After culturing, the tube did not change to yellow, and stayed red, indicating the inability to ferment lactose.

Accounting II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Accounting II - Essay Example Due to the intense global competition factors other than price have become more important over the years. In order to retain customer companies have to provide excellent customer service and good product variety. If an important client requests a customized service or product and the company has the capabilities to comply, the firm must accommodate the customer to achieve customer retention. The stakeholders of corporations care more about the behavior of businesses. Corporate social responsibility has become a key strategic focus that is necessary to improve customer retention. At end of the 1990’s Nike Corporation lost a lot of clients due to the fact that they were involved in a sweetshop scheme oversees. Bad publicity and irresponsible acts such as the occurrence at Nike a decade ago are the types of incidents that can destroy the brand value of an enterprise. Another way to increase customer retention is to design products and services that provide greater value at a comp etitive price

Political Science- Middle Eastern Politics Essay

Political Science- Middle Eastern Politics - Essay Example There are two main answers to this difficult question. The first is perhaps the best. If Iraq asks for U.S. combat troops beyond 2011, America should agree, creating several rapid reaction forces, not numbering more than 20,000 soldiers, to help with problems that may arise. The hard part of implementing this policy will be selling it to both the American and Iraqi public. The second option the U.S. could pursue is to create a staging ground for a rapid reaction force outside of Iraq, perhaps in Saudi Arabia, which could be used in cases of emergency. Both potential strategies will be briefly discussed below. Many American lives have been lost in Iraq, and a great deal of money has been spent. It is tempting, now that violence has been dramatically reduced, to wash our hands of the issue. But the possibility remains that Iraq could revert to a chaotic situation and that we must not allow this to happen. The American Defence Secretary Robert Gates recently signalled that the Obama adm inistration would be willing to continue keeping combat troops in Iraq after 2011 if asked by the Iraqi government. The military commander in Iraq, General Austin agreed there may be a need for this: Speaking to a group of reporters travelling with Gates, Austin gave the strong impression that he thinks Iraq needs a U.S. military presence beyond December, but he said he had not yet been asked to provide a recommendation to Washington. He said Iraq faced the possibility of a "more violent environment" next year, given the absence of U.S. military force and the failure to resolve key political problems, like the Kurd-Arab tensions in Kirkuk and elsewhere in the north (NPR). The willingness is there among policymakers, but the largest problem would be convincing the American public that this was necessary. Strategically, this is one of the more difficult parts of the plan. Americans are sick and tired of Iraq. They want nothing more to do with it. While Republicans would probably side with Obama, it will be politically difficult for him to convince anti-war Democrats to permit American combat troops to stay in Iraq. Obama has already alienated left-wing Democrats with a number of his policies; facing reelection 2012, he might be loath to further enrage them, potentially inviting a primary challenge from the left. While the politics of this choice make it strategically difficult, it may be the only good option. Another strategy would involve refusing combat troops in Iraq, and creating a rapid reaction force nearby, in another country. There are problems with this idea, however. America is already committed to having a major diplomatic presence in Iraq after 2011. According to a recent Senate report: â€Å"The diplomatic mission that remains will be an initiative of unprecedented size and complexity, currently projected to consist of some 17,000 individuals on 15 different sites, including 3 air hubs, 3 police training centers, 2 consulates, 2 embassy branch offi ces, and 5 Office of Security Cooperation sites† (Senate Report, 2). Without a security presence, it will be very difficult to sustain this kind of operation. It may be in America's own interest, as much as the Iraqi's, to have a combat force in Iraq. American diplomatic operations will certainly attract fire in the years ahead, and it will be hard to trust the Iraqi army to properly provide security. Having a

The Laws of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

The Laws of Leadership - Essay Example This is the Law of the Inner Circle. According to Maxwell (1998), â€Å"Nobody does anything great alone. Leaders do not succeed alone.† (127) This is a statement of fact and it is actually practical. There was a time that I was given the mantle of leadership, but I must confess that, I did not farewell based on my own talents, but with the help and support of the people that worked with me. I did not succeed alone as it was with the help of the people closest to me. Thus, the Law of the Inner Circle was enacted in my life and now I know that, great men do not achieve great things alone, but with the efforts of the great minds that work with them (Pierce & Newstrom, 2010). According to John Maxwell (1998) in 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership, â€Å"Effective leaders are always on the lookout for good people.† (103). I think I have not fared well in this regard. I know that, I need good people to work with, but I have not taken time to look for them. I have not really tried to magnet the people that I know that I can work with. In order to solve this leadership lapse, I would try as much as possible to be like the kind of people that I want to work with, so that it would be easier for me to attract them. I would try to take my time out to attract people to my sphere and make them work towards achieving our common

Political background of russia

Political background of russia POLITICAL BACKGROUND RUSSIA FORM OF GOVERNMENT Type of Government: Federal Republic The 1993 Constitution declares Russia a democratic federative state based on the rule of the law and a republication from of government. Source: PricewaterhouseCooper (2009) Doing business and investing in the Russian Federation. Russia. http://www.pwc.com/ru/en/doing-business-in-russia/index.jhtml [24.3.2010] GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE AND HOW IT OPERATES The 1993 Constitution declare Russia a democratic federative state based on the rule of law and a republican form of government. State power in Russia is divided among the executive, legislative and judicial branches. The President of the Russia is considered to be the head of the state where he is responsible for approving the major decision which are taken by the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister of the Russia is considered to be the head of the state where he is responsible for approving the major decision which are taken by the Prime Minister. The Government which comprises prime minister, deputy minister and minister of Russia is responsible for exercising the executive power. The government along with the federal assembly of the Russia is vested with the legislative power. The Legislature consist of bicameral Federal Assembly: State duma is the lower house or parliament which can draft legislation and amend the constitution and file an impeachment against president but cannot put in force directly. Federation Counsil is the upper house and has the power to approve or reject laws adopted by the state Duma. Source: PricewaterhouseCooper (2009) Doing business and investing in the Russian Federation. Russia. http://www.pwc.com/ru/en/doing-business-in-russia/index.jhtml [24.3.2010] INTERNATIONAL RELATION WITH OTHER COUNTRIES Participation in various international organizations Russia has steadily moved from initial pro-western policy towards one that combined elements of co-operation with West (especially on economic issues) and attempts to reassert Russias status as a great power with distinct interest. Russia is a part of the European Union and it accounts to be its main economic partner at the same time it accounts for more than half of its external trade, the bulk of its energy exports and most foreign investment inflows. Russia has its presence with the Asian powers such as China and India. China is still likely to overtake Germany as Russia main trading partner in the next few years. At the same time china could become an important export market of Russian energy, although Russia remains wary of china rise as an economic power. http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy-m.deakin.edu.au/ehost/pdf?vid=4hid=8[emailprotected] CORRUPTION BRIBES According to the Russian Economic Report 2008, there has been seen an 8% growth in the economy of Russia and due to which it has witnesse economic growth over the past years. Source: World Bank 2008, Russian economic report [online], Available from: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTRUSSIANFEDERATION/Resources/rer17_eng.pdf [Accessed: 31.3.2010]. The lack of trust in institution and corruption has affected the confidence of the investor in spite of a massive economic stimulus package given by the Russian government. According to the Institute for Public Project (INOP) along with Institute for Comparative Social Research (CESSI) in their price list of bribes has cite large companies as a major barrier in doing the business in Russia. Source: Business anti-corruption portal 2009, Russia Country Profile [online], Denmark, Available from: http://www.business-anti-corruption.eu/index.php?id=9085 [Accessed: 25.3.2010]. According to the Global Competitiveness Report 2009-2010, â€Å"the business executives which were surveyed the corruption was the key factor identified as the most problematic factor in doing business in Russia. According to a CDI 2008 report on this price-list, the private players will have to pay USD 1-5 in order to get licence and one third of the order price to win a government contract†. The Economist reported in late 2008, reported that USD 10,000 to USD 130,000 was the increased size of the average bribe business According to the Public Opinion Foundation survey, in 2008 around 56% of the business people polled pay bribes. A 2008 survey conducted by the Public Opinion Foundation reveals that 56% of the businesspeople polled pay bribes. Due to more corruption and weak rule of law foreign companies find trade and investment as unattractive in Russia. According to the World Bank IFC Enterprise Surveys 2009, over 29.4% of the unofficial payment are done by companies to get their work done. According to the INDEM reports and Bribe Payers Index 2008, 80% of all Russian companies pay bribes and mostly when doing business abroad. Companies that plans to invest or when operate in Russia must strengthen integrity system and to conduct extensive du diligence. Source: Business anti-corruption portal 2009, Russia Country Profile [online], Denmark, Available from: http://www.business-anti-corruption.eu/index.php?id=9085 [Accessed: 25.3.2010]. Russian Federation 2009 Corruption Russian Federation Region All Countries % of firm expected to informal payment 29.44 17.42 27.11 % of firm expected to give gifts for operating licence 22.18 12.88 16.23 % of firms expected to give gift to get government contracts 46.32 25.95 28.11 % of firms identifying corruption as a major constraint 50.00 33.53 36.62 Corruption 2006 [online], Available from: http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/ExploreEconomies /?economyid=159year=2009 [Accessed: 28.4.2010].

William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay examples -- Papers Romeo

William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet In the love story about Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is an important character as all the events are based on his actions. Romeo the son of Montague falls in love with Juliet the daughter of lord and lady Capulet, this creates a grave problem as the Capulet's and Montague's have had a feud this has been festered for a long time. The impression I get of Romeo when he first comes on to the scene is that he sad and miserable he also shows emotion with his words it is as if he intends on keeping himself to himself. "Many a morning hath he there been seen, with tears augmenting the fresh morning's dew." Lord Montague also says that "Away from the light steels home from my heavy son." This shows that Romeo is secretive and keeps away from daylight. This also shows that Romeo is trying to hide away from people as he has been seen in the early morning looking sad and even crying. "So secret and so close" Romeo won't tell anyone what is wrong with him. Benvolio also makes his way to speak to him but even though he saw him he turned and walked off. "Towards him I made but he was ware of me and stole off into the convent of the wood." When Romeo appears he looks sad and miserable, he says to benvolio "Sad hours seem long." Romeos hours seem long because he is in love and the lady he loves doesn't love him back this makes him feel miserable as time is dragging on. Romeo also says that "Out of her favour where I am in love" This shows that Romeo is love sick for this girl but she doesn't want to give him anything in return, due to this he cannot forget his love ... ...on his enemy. Later on after the party had finished Romeo sneaked to see Juliet. When Romeo sees Juliet on the balcony talking to herself about Romeo how she loves him but how it impossible for them to be as both of their families are having a feud. Romeo decides to listen you her before replying "Call me but 'love' and I'm be new baptised henceforth I never be Romeo" When Romeo says this to Juliet he suggests to her that hew is prepared to deny his name and his family if she will love him. Romeo also tells Juliet how love overcomes all obstacles, he says that "With love's light wings did I o'eperch these walls for stony limits cannot hold love out" By saying this to Juliet Romeo also tells her that he is risking his life coming to her this shows that Romeo is brave and would do anything for love.

Re-reading of ‘A Birthday Present’

Re-read ‘A Birthday Present'. By means of close analysis of the language of this poem, demonstrate how Plath achieves her effects in this poem, and by means of BRIEF reference to one or two other poems, say how typical of her writing you find it. Plath's poem ‘A Birthday Present' creates binary oppositions of images by using antithesis. An example of antithesis in this poem is when the narrator asks, â€Å"is it ugly, is it beautiful?† The adjectives ‘ugly' and ‘beautiful' are opposing images. The structure of this phrase is mirrored in the line below when the narrator asks, â€Å"has it breasts, has it edges?† These two images are opposite as when we imagine ‘breasts' they are round and smooth and not sharp like an ‘edge'. By using this linguistic device Plath creates a ‘seesaw' effect between positive (‘beautiful') and negative (‘ugly') lexis. Plath uses this device of conflicting lexis throughout the poem creating a tension. Furthermore, it can also be said that Plath uses these binary oppositions on a more subtle level to create the theme of good vs. evil. This theme can be seen in some of Plath's other poems. Take ‘Face Lift' or ‘Morning Song' for example, the theme of good and evil is represented by the images of babies she juxtaposes with those of death. The same binary opposition of images is used in ‘A Birthday Present' when the narrator says, â€Å"White as babies' bedding and glittering with dead breath.† Again the two juxtaposed images are of death and babies. It can therefore be said that this theme is typical of Plath's writing and is probably influenced by the miscarriage she suffered prior to writing these poems. Another device that Plath employs for a specific effect in this poem is her use of the personal pronoun ‘you'. The narrator questions, â€Å"Is it impossible for you to let something go and have it go whole?† and, â€Å"Must you kill what you can?† Many other writers use this device to achieve the desired effect of involving the audience as it addresses them directly. However Plath also has another motive. On first glance one may assume that the narrator is questioning the present as it is the apparent focus of the narrator throughout the poem. However, considering the number of references to God throughout the poem, (â€Å"My God what a laugh!†, But my god, the clouds are like cotton.†) one could assess that the question is actually aimed at God. Moreover, the theme in ‘A Birthday Present' of questioning God can be linked to some of Plaths other poetry. Plath's father died when she was a young child. From studying her life I found out that she loved and idolised her father. In her poems ‘Daddy' and ‘Full Fathom Five' Plath makes subtle suggests that she now sees her father as a God-like figure. In ‘Full Fathom Five' she writes, â€Å"You defy other Godhood. I walk dry on your kingdom's border†, when talking to her father. This could therefore be evidence that although she may seem to be addressing the birthday present with questions in this poem she is really questioning to her Dad. The theme of Dad arises in many of Plath's poems and so this poem is typical of her writing. Like many of Plath's other poems she uses personification in ‘A Birthday Present' to make an inert object appear to have a life of its own. The narrator is describing the present when she says, â€Å"I feel it looking. I feel it thinking†. The two verbs are actions that only a living person could do. Plath, however uses them to make the present in the poem come alive. The literary device of personification is typical to some of Plath's other poems. One example is in her poem ‘Cut' where she personifies her thumb by referring to it as ‘Little pilgrim', ‘Saboteur' and ‘Kamikaze man', before reminding us at the end of the poem that it is just a ‘Thumb stump'. This is therefore a device that Plath uses typically in her writing. In conclusion, many of the themes and ideas found in ‘A Birthday Poem' can also be found and mirrored in Plath's other poetry. She also uses a range of literary and linguistic devices in this poem that is typical of her writing.

Culture and Gender

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia adheres to strict Koran laws. Among them is the veiling of women, structuring of their work and lives away from men, and driving (Wikipedia, 2007). Though education in the West is slowly changing this, it is not in any way translated to policy changes or reforms (Bradley, 2006). We aim to ink a deal with the Saudi government for the setting-up of a supermarket chain. To be successful, the negotiators must show respect to the country’s laws and norms. The Saudi government- through the religious police- is the primary proponent and advocate of strict laws and norms pertaining to women hence they should be dealt with sensitively. I choose the budding male executive over the veteran female to head the team. In the country, women are not expected to work in positions which allow them to interact with men. Sending a woman as head of the negotiating team would be an insult to the Saudis with their deeply-entrenched conservative values. Should the CEO insist on sending her, I will ensure that she will not be the front liner. She will still head the negotiations but the spokesman will be the male executive. She will still make the decision but through the latter. My decision will send a message to within and outside the company that we are serious in our business transactions.   It is by complying with the norms and laws of wherever you do business which wins deals. As a leader, it will show my flexibility in matters not wholly congruent to traditional norms of conducting business. Part II- Power Corruption Cycle Power Corruption Cycle is an organizational phenomena characterized by the use of rank to intimidate or bribe the lower-echelons to allow an illegitimate or corrupt practice to happen and/or continue. When the latter become managers or executives themselves, they apply the same corrupt practices which also influence those with lower positions. This cycle- if uninterrupted by new management- would go on and on. It poisons an organization in that the quality of service/s and/or products will be compromised which will eventually lead to its downfall. An example is on the awarding of contracts to bidders in government projects. The members of the bids and awards committee are all corrupt and have a mutual understanding of granting the contract not to the one which offers the premium bid but to the one who can offer the largest kickback. A young, newly-hired assistant to the committee intends to follow stated rules in bidding but soon finds out about the â€Å"unwritten rules†. He is co-opted and fits permanently into the organization. The people- recipients of developmental projects- suffer through sub-standard infrastructure and incoherent development projects and services. This leads to mistrust and enmity towards the government which will create a longing in society to reform, if not replace the government in power and/or the system. ReferenceBradley, J. (2006). Saudi Arabia exposed: Inside a kingdom in crisis. NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia. 2007. Islam in Saudi Arabia. Retrieved Feb. 13, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Saudi_Arabia#Islamism_in_Saudi_Arabia.      

Boas - Boidae - Constricting Snakes

Boas - Boidae - Constricting Snakes Boas (Boidae) are a group of nonvenomous snakes that include about 36 species. Boas are found in North America, South America, Africa, Madagascar, Europe and many Pacific Islands. Boas include the largest of all living snakes, the green anaconda. Other Snakes Called Boas The name boa is also used for two groups of snakes that do not belong to the Boidae family, the split-jawed boas (Bolyeriidae) and the dwarf boas (Tropidophiidae). The split-jawed boas and the dwarf boas are not closely related to members of the family Boidae. Anatomy of Boas Boas are considered to be somewhat primitive snakes. They have a rigid lower jaw and vestigial pelvic bones, with small remnant hind limbs that form a pair of spurs on either side of the body. Although boas share many characteristics with their relatives the pythons, they differ in that they lack postfrontal bones and premaxillary teeth and they give birth to live young. Some but not all species of boas have labial pits, sensory organs that enable the snakes to sense infrared thermal radiation, an ability which is  useful in the location and capture of prey but which also provides functionality in thermoregulation and detection of predators. Boa Diet and Habitat Boas are predominantly terrestrial snakes that forage in low lying bushes and trees and feed on small vertebrates. Some boas are tree-dwelling species that stalk their prey by hanging their head down from their perch amongst the branches. Boas capture their prey by first grasping it and then coiling their body quickly around it. Prey is then killed when the boa constricts its body tightly so that the prey cannot inhale and dies of asphyxiation. The diet of boas varies from species to species but generally includes mammals, birds and other reptiles. The largest of all boas, in fact, the largest of all snakes, is the green anaconda. Green anacondas can grow to lengths of over 22 feet. Green anacondas are also the heaviest known species of snake and may also be the heaviest squamate species as well. Boas inhabit North America, South America, Africa, Madagascar, Europe and many Pacific Islands. Boas are often regarded solely as tropical rainforest species, but although many species are found in rainforests this is not true for all boas. Some species live in arid regions such as the deserts of Australia. The vast majority of boas are terrestrial or arboreal but one species, the green anaconda is an aquatic snake. Green anacondas are native to the slow-moving streams, swamps, and marshes on the eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains. They also occur on the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean. Green anacondas feed on larger prey than most other boas. Their diet includes wild pigs, deer, birds, turtles, capybara, caimans, and even jaguars. Boa Reproduction Boas undergo sexual reproduction and with the exception of two species in the genus Xenophidion, all bear live young. Females that bear live young do so by retaining their eggs within their body give birth to multiple young at once. Classification of Boas The Taxonomic Classification of boas is as follows: Animals Chordates Reptiles Squamates Snakes Boas Boas are divided into two subgroups which include the true boas (Boinae) and the tree boas (Corallus). True boas include the largest species of boas such as the common boa and the anaconda. Tree boas are tree-dwelling snakes with slender bodies and long prehensile tails. Their bodies are somewhat flat in shape, a structure that gives them support and enables them to stretch from one branch to another. Tree boas often rest coiled up in the branches of trees. When they hunt, tree boas hang their head down from the branches and coil their neck in an S-shape to give themselves a good angle from which to strike their prey below.

Politics and Beliefs Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Politics and Beliefs - Term Paper Example This essay discusses that according to Cloninger, for a certain group of people, ideology is important and performs four functions. The first function is it describes the surroundings and answers question why things go as they are. The second of these functions is the evaluation of the surrounding whether good or bad. The third of the functions of ideology is to give the person or group of people a sense of identity. The most important of the functions is the programmatic aspect where ideas are applied into actions. Political ideology is therefore a very important aspect of human nature. A political ideology according to Cloninger is like a revolutionary movement at first that will try to create change according to the goals in life as they wish. Gerring in Chris Livesey’s work entitled Power and Politics defined â€Å"Ideologies† (a set of related beliefs and values) become political ideologies when they â€Å"specify a concrete programme of actions† (such as pa rty manifesto). Mullins described political ideologies as a program of collective action for the maintenance , alteration and transformation of society†. Livesey stated that a conventional way to classify political ideologies is to view them as a continuous line (the continuum) with two ends: â€Å"left wing† parties including Communist and Socialist and â€Å"right wing† parties such Conservative and Fascist. Rummel also identified major political ideologies by illustrating a political triangle. ... They advocate the view that capitalism is a form of exploitation which unfairly concentrates powers and wealth among the few people only. Socialists believe that capitalism creates inequality in a society and does not work in the interest of the majority. According to Rummel (n.d.), libertarianism is the â€Å"political formula for those who opposed to state power.† Thus these are people who wanted to do as things their own way and support basic civil freedoms. Authoritarianism leans more on â€Å"the traditions and customs and central power lies in the hands of a leader who maintains such tradition and policies (Rummel, n.d.). Political Socialization Political socialization is defined as â€Å"the process by which political culture is transmitted in a given society. It occurs at both the individual and community level, and it extends beyond the acquisition of political culture to encompass the learning of more sophisticated political ideas and orientations. Political social ization is a lifelong process and a variety of individuals and institutions contribute to its shaping effect†(http://imej.wfu.edu, Political Socialization). This process of transmission is carried through the agents of socialization which include family, schools, church, friends and media. Family is considered to be the most important agent of socialization. Most likely, children will have the same political affiliation as their parents. Schools on the other hand also have vital effect on students’ political values through peer groups. Religion also affects a person’s values and ideologies through their moral teachings. Friends also influence a person’s value through sharing of thoughts and constant communication. Media

The Corporate Manslaughter Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Corporate Manslaughter Reform - Essay Example This is but a logical consequence of the very nature of corporations' artificial personality in connection with what possible penalty they could be made to suffer. But the famous case of R. v. P & O Ferries (Dover) Ltd. 93 Cr App Rep 72 (or the famous Herald of Free Enterprise case) have challenged this idea and the courts' decision was to formally recognise that these corporations can be made criminally liable for manslaughter. This decision is taken to mean as holding the corporation itself directly criminally liable for manslaughter (as if the corporation have acted independently on its own to constitute mens rea and actus reus) aside from the individual liabilities of its directors or officers. The US Supreme Court as well in 1909 (along the same line of thought on corporate criminal liability) held that corporations could be held liable criminally for acts or omissions including failure of an agent acting within the scope of his employment. From here, there were recent cases which have stated that a corporation will be held vicariously liable for the illegal acts of its employees if the employees act within the scope of their authority and intend to benefit the corporation. In both jurisdictions (UK and the United States), corporate criminal liability is without question recognised. The Problem of the Second Element of the Offence in Government's Proposed Draft Bill Reform on Corporate Manslaughter Corporate manslaughter is a homicide for a corporation. This means that a natural person is made to answer for criminal liabilities as if it were a natural person being held to answer for the consequences of a criminal act. Taken from... The researcher of this essay states that it is but proper to mention some basic concepts of corporate criminal liability as a preliminary before taking up the crucial issues involved in the Corporate Manslaughter: The Government’s Draft Bill for Reform. Corporate criminal liability is one of those hotly debated topics. One issue that attracts much attention is whether a corporation should be at "fault" before liability is imposed, and precisely what "corporate fault" means. In other words, what liability standard should be required before imposing liability on the corporation. For example, should liability be imposed when the corporation is negligent, when it acts "knowingly," whenever harm occurs regardless of the "fault" of the corporation, or some other liability standard? This essay addresses this issue and provides some deterrence-based insights into the choice of liability standards for corporate crime. The researcher mentiones that there were recent cases which have sta ted that a corporation will be held vicariously liable for the illegal acts of its employees if the employees act within the scope of their authority and intend to benefit the corporation. In both jurisdictions (UK and US), corporate criminal liability is without question recognised. The proposed Corporate Manslaughter Law aims to tackle the identification principle by providing a new basis - a test that focuses on management failure at senior level within the organization instead of focusing on the negligent act of an individual employee.